Statistical Approaches for Hidden Variables in Ecology. Nathalie Peyrard
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Название: Statistical Approaches for Hidden Variables in Ecology
Автор: Nathalie Peyrard
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Жанр: Социология
isbn: 9781119902782
isbn:
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SCIENCES
Statistics, Field Directors – Nikolaos Limnios, Kerrie Mengersen
Statistics and Ecology, Subject Head – Nathalie Peyrard
Statistical Approaches for Hidden Variables in Ecology
Coordinated by
Nathalie Peyrard
Olivier Gimenez
First published 2022 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2022
The rights of Nathalie Peyrard and Olivier Gimenez to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s), contributor(s) or editor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISTE Group.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2021949076
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78945-047-7
ERC code:
PE1 Mathematics
PE1_14 Statistics
LS8 Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology
Introduction
Nathalie PEYRARD1, Stéphane ROBIN2 and Olivier GIMENEZ3
1 University of Toulouse, INRAE, UR MIAT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
2 Paris-Saclay University, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, France
3 CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 University, France
I.1. Hidden variables in ecology
Ecology is the study of living organisms in interaction with their environment. These interactions occur at individual level (an animal, a plant), at the level of groups of individuals (a population, a species) or across several species (a community). Statistics provides us with tools to study these interactions, enabling us to collect, organize, present, analyze and draw conclusions from data collected on ecological systems. However, some components of these ecological systems may escape observation: these are known as hidden variables. This book is devoted to models incorporating hidden variables in ecology and to the statistical inference for these models.
The hidden variables studied throughout this book can be grouped into three classes corresponding to three types of questions that can be posed concerning an ecological system. We may consider the identification of groups of individuals or species, such as groups of individuals with the same behavior or similar genetic profiles, or groups of species that interact with the same species or with their environment in a similar way. Alternatively, we may wish to study variables which can only be observed in a “noisy” form, often called a “proxy”. For example, the presence of certain species may be missed as a result of detection difficulties or errors (confusion with another species), or as a result of “noisy” data resulting from technology-related measurement errors. Finally, in the context of data analysis, we may wish to reduce the dimension of the information contained in data sets to a small number of explanatory variables. Note the shift from the notion of a variable which escapes observation, in the first cases, to a more generalized notion of hidden variables.
All three of these problems can be translated into questions of inference concerning variables which, in statistical terms, are said to be latent. Inference poses statistical problems that require specific methods, described in detail here. The ecological interpretation of these variables СКАЧАТЬ