VCSEL Industry. Babu Dayal Padullaparthi
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу VCSEL Industry - Babu Dayal Padullaparthi страница 20

Название: VCSEL Industry

Автор: Babu Dayal Padullaparthi

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Техническая литература

Серия:

isbn: 9781119782216

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ result in a lower cost for VCSELs.

Schematic illustration of a fully processed VCSEL layer structure on 6″ (150 mm) GaAs substrate.

      Source: Wafer photo by Jim A. Tatum, Dallas, Texas, USA. [copyright reserved].

      1.3.1 Stage I: Initial Concept and Invention

      1.3.1.1 Stage Ia: Invention and Initial Demonstration

Schematic illustration of stages of VCSEL development. The inset figure shows the sketch of VCSEL drawn by Kenichi Iga on March 22, 1977.

      Source: Figure by K. Iga and B. D. Padullaparthi [copyright reserved by authors].

Schematic illustration of the first demonstration of a surface-emitting laser.

      Source: Figure by K. Iga [29] [copyright reserved by author].

      1.3.1.2 Stage Ib: First Room‐Temperature Continuous‐Wave Operation

      After this breakthrough from Tokyo Institute of Technology, continuous room‐temperature operation of the VCSEL, as shown in Figure 1.15(b), was also achieved by Jack Jewell and co‐workers at Bell Laboratories in 1989 [36, 37]. The concept of periodic gain or matched gain in quantum wells contributed to reduce the threshold by Larry Coldren and co‐workers [38, 39].

Schematic illustration of initial VCSELs achieving room-temperature continuous operation.

      Source: Copyright reserved by Fumio Koyama and Kenichi Iga

      (b) A 2D micro‐post array by Jewell and Lee in 1989 [36, 37].

      Source: Adapted from IEEE.

      1.3.2 Stage‐II: Spread of Worldwide R&D

      The second stage (1991–2000) covers the expansion of VCSEL research, the advancement in growth technology, and the emerging СКАЧАТЬ