Communicating in Risk, Crisis, and High Stress Situations: Evidence-Based Strategies and Practice. Vincent T. Covello

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">      133 Steelman, T. A., McCaffrey, S. (2013). “Best practices in risk and crisis communication: Implications for natural hazards management.” Natural Hazards 65(1):683–705.

      134 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2019). Communicating in a Crisis: Risk Communication Guidelines for Public Officials. SAMHSA Publication No. PEP19‐01‐01‐005. Rockville, MD, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

      135 Thompson, K.M., and Bloom, D.L. (2000). “Communication of risk assessment information to risk managers.” Journal of Risk Research 3:333–352.

      136 Tuler, S.P., and Kasperson, R.E. (2014). “Social distrust and its implications for risk communication: an example of high‐level radioactive waste management,” in Effective Risk Communication, eds. J. Arvai and L. Rivers III. London: Earthscan.

      137 Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. (1974). “Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.” Science 185(4157):1124–1131.

      138 Tversky A, and Kaheman, D. (1986). “Rational choice and the framing of decisions.” Journal of Business 59:5251–5278.

      139 US Environmental Protection Agency. (2005). Superfund Community Involvement Handbook. EPA 540‐K‐05‐003. Washington, D.C.: US Environmental Protection Agency.

      140  US Environmental Protection Agency (2007). Risk Communication in Action. Washington, D.C. US Environmental Protection Agency.

      141 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). Communicating in a Crisis: Risk Communication Guidelines for Public Officials. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

      142 U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2020). Hazard Communication. Accessed at: https://www.osha.gov/hazcom

      143 U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) (2002): Risk Communication Primer, 2nd edition. Norfolk, Va.: Navy Environmental Health Center.

      144 Walaski, (Ferrante), P. (2011). Risk and Crisis Communications: Methods and Messages. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

      145 Weinstein, N. D. (1987). Taking Care: Understanding and Encouraging Self‐Protective Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.

      146 Weinstein, N.D. (1980). “Unrealistic optimism about future life events”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:106–120.

      147 Weinstein, N.D. (1982). “Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 5:441–460.

      148 Wildavsky, A., and Dake, K. (1990). “Theories of Risk Perception: Who Fears What and Why”. Daedalus 112:41–60.

      149 Wildavsky, A., and Douglas, M. (1983). Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

      150 Wood, M.M., Mileti, D.S., Kano, M., Kelley, M.M., Regan, R., and Bourque, L.B. (2011). “Communicating actionable risk for terrorism and other hazards.” Risk Analysis 34(4):601–615.

      151 World Health Organization (2004). Outbreak Communication: Best Practices for Communicating with the Public during an Outbreak. Geneva: World Health Organization.

      152 World Health Organization (2017). Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies: A Who Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (Erc) Policy and Practice. Geneva: World Health Organization.

      153 Yang, H. Pang, X., Zheng, B., Wang, L., Wang, Y. Du, S., and Lu, X, (2020). “A strategy study on risk communication of pandemic influenza.” Risk Management and Health Policy 13:1447–1458.

Endnotes

      1 1 For a full description of epidemiological methods, see the textbook “Risk Assessment Methods: Approaches for Assessing Health and Environmental Risks” written by V.T. Covello and M.W. Merkhofer.

      2 2 World Health Organization (2020). Munich Security Conference. 15 February 2020. Accessed at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/munich‐security‐conference.

      3 3 World Health Organization (2020). “Managing the COVID‐19 Infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviors and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation.” Accessed at: https://www.who.int/news/item/23‐09‐2020‐managing‐the‐covid‐19‐infodemic‐promoting‐healthy‐behaviours‐and‐mitigating‐the‐harm‐from‐misinformation‐and‐disinformation.

      4 4 World Health Organization (2020). “Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) advice for the public: Mythbusters.” Accessed at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel‐coronavirus‐2019/advice‐for‐public/myth‐busters.

      5 5 McNeil, B.J., Pauker, S.G., Sox, H.C., and Tversky, A. (1982). “On the elicitation of preferences for alternative therapies.” New England Journal of Medicine 306:1259–1262. See also: McGettigan, P., Sly, K., O'Connell, D., Hill, S., Henry, D. (1999). “The effects of information framing on the practices of physicians.” Journal of General Internal Medicine. 14 (10):633–642 .

      6 6 See, e.g., Covello, V., Peters, R., Wojtecki, J., and Hyde, R. (2001). “Risk communication, the West Nile virus epidemic, and bio‐terrorism: Responding to the communication challenges posed by the intentional or unintentional release of a pathogen in an urban setting.” Journal of Urban Health 78(2):382–391. See also Covello, V. (2003). “Best practices in public health risk and crisis communication.” Journal of Health Communication 8 (Suppl. 1): 5–8; discussion, 148–151; Covello, V. (2014). “Risk communication,” in Environmental Health: From Global to Local, ed. H. Frumkin. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass/Wiley .

      4

      Development of Risk Communication Theory and Practice

      CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

      This chapter presents a concise overview of key stages, discoveries, and developments in the field of risk communication. As each development has built directly upon prior work, the chapter emphasizes essential principles through the story of the field.

      At the end of the chapter, you will be able to:

       describe the basic principles of the field, and

       give examples of how these principles were derived from actual high‐impact experience coupled with research and evaluation.

4.1 Case Diary: Origin Story

      Every year, I present on topics related to risk, high СКАЧАТЬ