High-Density and De-Densified Smart Campus Communications. Daniel Minoli

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СКАЧАТЬ 10 26 864 5373 30 Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Honolulu, HI 9 26 242 5248

      Note: during 2020, most airports in the United States experienced a 60% drop in passengers. Travel was expected to improve during the second half of 2021 and beyond.

      ^a Size: 3596.3 acres. Passenger Terminal: 2.423 million ft²; 5 concourses (4 domestic, 1 international/swing); 73 jet gates, 2 gates dedicated to commuter aircraft; square footage per gate: 32 306 ft².

TABLE 1.4 Largest US Football Stadiums

Rank	Stadium	Seating Capacity	Location
1	Michigan Stadium	115 000	Ann Arbor, Michigan
2	Beaver Stadium	111 000	University Park, Pennsylvania
3	Kyle Field	111 000	College Station, Texas
4	Ohio Stadium	110 000	Columbus, Ohio
5	Neyland Stadium	109 000	Knoxville, Tennessee
6	Rose Bowl	107 000	Pasadena, California
7	AT&T Stadium	105 000	Arlington, Texas
8	Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium	104 000	Austin, Texas
9	Tiger Stadium	102 000	Baton Rouge, Louisiana
10	Bryant–Denny Stadium	102 000	Tuscaloosa, Alabama

TABLE 1.5 Top Convention Centers in the United States

Center	Location	Exhibition Space, Approx. (ft2)	Total Space, Approx. (ft2)
McCormick Place	Chicago, Illinois	2 700 000	9 000 000
Orange County Convention Center	Orlando, Florida	2,100 000	7 000 000
Georgia World Congress Center (GWCC)	Atlanta, Georgia	1 500 000	4 000 000
Las Vegas Convention Center	Las Vegas, Nevada	2,200 000	3,200 000
New Orleans Morial Convention Center	New Orleans, Louisiana	1,100 000	3,100 000
America's Center	St. Louis, Missouri	500 000	2 700 000
San Diego Convention Center	San Diego, California	600 000	2,600 000
TCF/Cobo Center	Detroit, Michigan	720 000	2 400 000
Walter E. Washington Convention Center	Washington, DC	700 000	2 300 000
Sands Expo and Convention Center	Las Vegas, Nevada	940 000	2 300 000

      Some events comprise both a set of lecture sessions and exhibit sessions. When lecture sessions are underway, the connectivity requirements (specifically, the traffic volume density) may be low or lower; however, when the sessions wrap up, there may be a pulse‐shaped traffic requirement where a large number of participants all want to make phone calls or access the Internet.

There are about 310 convention centers in the United States of various sizes, 50 of which have more than 200 000 ft² of total space. See Table 1.5 for the top 10 convention centers in the United States. For example, the largest US convention center is the McCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, with 9 million ft² of space and 2.7 million ft² of exhibition space. The exhibit space generally tends to be one‐half to one‐third of the total space.

      1.2.4 Pre‐pandemic/Long‐term Requirements for Open Air Gatherings and Amusement Parks

Networks for public parks are typically designed around public safety and the availability of cellular service; first responder access is important (e.g. in the context of E911). For data and multimedia services, users will typically utilize their smartphones and 4G/LTE cellular connections; however, in some instances, Wi‐Fi is available, as in the latter case, and is employed to move users toward food and merchandize concessions, or for geo‐fencing applications. A target of one million connections per square kilometer (also definable as 1 connection per m² or 1 connection every 10 ft²) has been suggested by some researchers [2]. Open air gathering tends to be more “pop up” operations with short‐lived operational timeframes; however, the density could be high, even multiple individuals (say 2–3) every 10 ft². Requirements include high‐capacity data and video access, and perhaps video surveillance.

TABLE 1.6 Top Amusement Parks in the СКАЧАТЬ