Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud. Mike Bursell
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Название: Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud

Автор: Mike Bursell

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Зарубежная компьютерная литература

Серия:

isbn: 9781119692317

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СКАЧАТЬ whose services they are using, governments or other regulatory bodies put in place measures that force service providers to adopt practices that do benefit individuals. Good examples of this in the area we have been describing are the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the State of California's California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), both of which force service providers to protect consumers' data and put in place measures to prevent it from being misused. A slightly weaker type of protection, but one that can help, is the establishment of industry standards aimed at promoting good practice. Historically, however, standards have ended up benefiting industry players—service providers—rather than consumers or customers, who rarely have much—if any—representation on standards bodies.

       "Trust is the assurance that one entity holds that another will perform particular actions according to a specific expectation.

      It turns out that establishing that assurance can be more difficult than might be expected and that the performance of actions may also need to specify the non-performance of other actions to ensure that we can fully understand what behaviours we, the trustor, are trusting the other entity, the trustee, to perform. In the next chapter, we will examine trust in even more detail, the impact of different forms of trust, how trust is expressed, and some of the alternatives that may be appropriate in certain contexts.

      1 1 Harper, 2014, p. 10.

      2 2 Mayers et al., 1995, cited in Harper p. 230.

      3 3 Baier, 1986, referenced in Cheshire, p. 55.

      4 4 Hardin, 2001.

      5 5 Cheshire, 2001, p. 52.

      6 6 Dasgupta, 1988.

      7 7 Gambetta, 1988.

      8 8 There is a wider question about whether money is real and whether bank accounts truly transfer anything when balances are updated, but such discussions are beyond the scope of this book.

      9 9 Open source software “is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance”— Opensource.com (2021).

      10 10 The definition of what exactly counts as “rational” behaviour may be in itself an issue of debate.

      11 11 Axelrod, 1990.

      12 12 Heap and Varoufakis, 1995.

      13 13 Rathburn, 2011, p. 24.

      14 14 Rathburn, 2011, p. 28.

      15 15 Schneier, 2012.

      16 16 Hobbes 1651; 1996.

      17 17 Rousseau, 1762.

      18 18 Chomsky's criticisms of the British Empire, for example, are particularly trenchant in this regard (Chomsky, 2015, p. 109).

      19 19 Carroll, 1889.

      20 20 Fukuyama, 1995.

      21 21 Coleman, 1986.

      22 22 O'Neill, 2002.

      23 23 Gambetta, 1988, pp. 158–175.

      24 24 Farrell, 2009.

      25 25 Axelrod, 1990.

      26 26 Coleman, 1986.

      27 27 e-Residency, 2019.

      28 28 Paine, 1791, 1792; 2000.

      29 29 Kuhn, 1962.

      30 30 Katz, 2020.

      31 31 Chomsky, 2015, p. 135.

      32 32 Nock, 1993, pp. 147-148.

      33 33 Related movements include “open management” and “open data”.

      34 34 Lloyd, 1999.

      35 35 Horrible Histories, 2017.

      36 36 Gibson, 1993.

      37 37 Wikipedia, “List of Cognitive Biases”, 2020.

      38 38 Tversky and Kahneman, 1982.

      39 39 Tversky and Kahneman, 1982.

      40 40 We are not helped in this task by the fact that our view of the evidence of their behaviour is equally prone to cognitive bias: we may be convinced that they are acting irrationally even when they are acting rationally. This endless СКАЧАТЬ