Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian. Javier G. Nevarez

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       Remove and isolate sick individuals and reduce stress by providing optimal living conditions and hygiene.

       Thoroughly clean the animal’s cage to reduce environmental contamination of oocysts.

       Ensure that quarantine protocols have been adopted for all new arrivals; during quarantine, all animals should undergo repeated clinical and fecal examinations.

       Because Eimeriaspp. are rarely pathogenic, prophylactic therapy or treatment should not be based on the identification of Eimeriaspp. alone, to avoid development of resistance.

       Treatment should only be performed after an Eimeriasp. has been confirmed to be causing clinical disease.

       Ponazuril 30 mg/kg PO q48h for 2 treatments, or 30 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 treatments, then repeat for 2–4 treatments 2 weeks apart.

       Toltrazuril 15 mg/kg PO q48h for 30 days

       Sulfadimethoxine 50 mg/kg q24h for 21 days

       Trimethoprim‐sulfa 30 mg/kg daily for 5 days then q48h until the coccidia are eliminated.

       Sulfa drugs are known to be nephrotoxic and care should be taken with their use, particularly in dehydrated or severely compromised individuals.

       Treatment may have variable efficacy as many protozoa are resistant to a range of anti‐coccidial medication.

       Prognosis is good to guarded and is determined primarily by the state of the animal at initial presentation and the presence or absence of concurrent disease.

       GI = gastrointestinal

       K2Cr2O7 = potassium dichromate

       PCR = polymerase chain reaction

       w/v = weight by volume

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      4 Jacobson ER. Parasites and parasitic diseases of reptiles. In: Jacobson ER, ed. Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles: Color Atlas and Text. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2007:571–665.

      5 Scullion FT, Scullion MG. Gastrointestinal protozoal diseases in reptiles. J Exot Pet Med 2009;18(4):266–278.

      6 Vetterling JM, Widmer EA. Eimeria cascabeli sp. n. (Eimeriidae, Sporozoa) from rattlesnakes, with a review of the species of Eimeria from snakes. J Parasitol 1968;54(3):569–576.