Energy. Группа авторов

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ than gasoline, it would be cheaper for the consumer and serve the purpose if cheap fuel were in high demand.

1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Energy Crisis and Global Warming: Reduce Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (IPCC)

      Major measures to decrease GHG emissions from the oil industry and reduce the risk of a global energy crisis and eventual climate change should be a top priority for policymakers. The IPCC reports clearly describe the uninhibited effects of global warming. Sustained warming and far‐reaching adverse effects on all climate system components will result in the continued release of greenhouse gases, increasing the occurrence of extreme, imminent and irreversible impacts on the world’s population and ecosystems. Significant and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would be needed to tackle climate change, which, in combination with adaptation, would reduce the risks associated with climate change (IPCC 2018). Technology advancement in conjunction with reduced energy use, decarbonized energy supply, reduced emissions and improved carbon sinks in land‐based industries is needed. At the same time, the following steps will save energy for a long time and can help to slow down the warming:

They are developing ways to allow effective use of energy‐intensive materials and to improve methods of consumption.

      Adoption of low‐carbon fuels, particularly in the case of modern refineries.

      Developing new sources of energy (e.g. biomass, solar, wind and hydro‐electrical power).

      In particular, the formulation of effective and strict environmental standards, rules, policies and regulations relating to the oil industry.

      Mobilizing and encouraging environmental and emission control activities to cope effectively with the emerging oil industry.

      Construction of offshore wind turbines and other related marine‐based renewable energy technologies to further transition away from fossil fuel dependency.

      Restoration of coastal habitats containing mangroves and salt marshes that are used to store carbon and have multiple benefits, such as providing buffers against extreme tropical storms, filtering contaminants and providing an ideal habitat for fish and other types of wildlife.

      These essential and powerful steps are capable of reducing significantly 21% of pollution by 2050. They will minimize warming to 1.5 °C or just above pre‐industrial levels by the end of the current century.

1.9 Conclusion

      Today, the world is caught up in an energy crisis that has adversely affected substantial measures to decrease GHG emissions from the oil industry and to reduce the risk of a global energy crisis.

      Invariably, fossil fuels are a lifeline for human civilization and millions of others around the world. The availability of fuel is not infinite, which is why people are willing to fight for it and to align themselves with their adversaries. Exploration and development are currently underway for other renewable energy sources, most of which have only passed their early stages. The evolution of these technologies can be accelerated by growing government funding and public support, helping free society from the reckless use of fossil fuels. During this massive transition, oil companies will remain resilient because, with the depletion and exhaustion of fossil resources in the future, they would make big profits. To prevent this, it is important to encourage the oil sector and other energy resource companies to look beyond their commercial profits and concentrate on developing alternative strategies when all fossil fuel resources are being depleted.

As a result of the increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere resulting from the burning of fossil fuels, we have seen the convincing scientific evidence that the Earth’s surface is continuously heating up and its average temperature is increasing. The resulting global warming would eventually manifest itself in the form of significant changes in the Earth’s atmosphere, which would have a major impact on human life and the world as a whole. Strong efforts are needed to promote renewable energy and minimize the use of fossil energy to avoid this. The aim must be to reduce energy consumption, which can be done by combining multiple factors, including the minimization of energy demand, the equal use of energy and the abundant use of green energy. The primary objective of this analysis was to take a step forward in achieving this objective. Creating green or sustainable solutions for managing society can be seen as an important response to the energy crisis. The implementation of renewable energy generation approaches and the discovery of ways to use these alternatives as green energy sources are crucial factors in reducing CO₂, which contribute significantly to global warming. While land availability is relatively modest, comprehensive and sustainable agriculture programmes provide significant energy and economic and environmental benefits that could be disseminated in rural areas where they are necessary and can link to further economic growth in rural areas. In this way, all countries will benefit from foreign exchange savings, increased energy security and socio‐economic developments. The country’s resource base can be dramatically strengthened by tree planting and forest expansion. The community at the international level would benefit greatly from carbon reduction, climate mitigation and enhanced trade opportunities that would lead to new income sources. In addition, environmental and environmental factors, including carbon sequestration and reforestation, renewables as a replacement for CO₂ for fossil fuels, are non‐technical approaches that can make a significant contribution to climate restoration. More attention should be paid to the importance of renewable energy and the difficulties of gathering good and accurate renewable energy data at the policy and planning level.

1.10 Future Considerations

      We face a terrible global energy crisis, triggered by continued growth in the world’s population, continued reliance on fossil fuels, and increased demand for energy for various purposes. It is well understood that unless the rise in greenhouse gas emissions is prevented or reduced, there will be major turbulence in the global atmosphere, with detrimental effects on human civilization and the economy. Such a stubborn problem needs to be addressed by facilitating cooperation between policymakers and designers in different fields of science, engineering and technology.

      Healthy creation, evolution and use of technology require major steps in the direction of progress. Therefore, to achieve goals of the optimum scale and magnitude within a limited timeframe, policymakers need to be technologically adept, and aware of policymakers’ deeper social and political problems. Similarly, it is also necessary for policymakers to unite with the academic community to achieve technical objectives. The hour’s need is to bring these two main groups together closely, with a primary focus on educating socially relevant and competent engineers and technologists to take care of the decades and centuries ahead.

      Policies have been adapted to fossil fuels in the previous era and have earned ample preferential treatment, while renewable resources, on the other hand, are an aspect of choice. In economists’ opinion, market tax pricing of carbon would allow for more efficient choices between competing technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Burtraw 2008; Parry and Williams 2013).

      The global community is now committed to a consensus on reducing the unhealthful increase in Earth’s temperature to 2 °C and to initiate improvements to achieve this goal. This would make it possible for the planet to abolish the burning of fossil fuels in order to achieve an effective zero‐carbon emission status. Therefore, the need for the hour is for a radical change in the lives of modern humans on the crusade towards a brighter future.

References

      1 Baumert, K., T. Herzog, J. Pershing. (2005). Navigating the Numbers: Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy, World СКАЧАТЬ