Epistemological Problems of Economics. Людвиг фон Мизес

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СКАЧАТЬ The Basic Concept of Action and its Categorial Conditions

       2 A Priori Theory and Empirical Confirmation

       3 Theory and the Facts of Experience

       4 The Distinction between Means and Ends: The “Irrational”

      [print edition page viii]

       III Science and Value

       1 The Meaning of Neutrality with Regard to Value Judgments

       2 Science and Technology: Economics and Liberalism

       3 The Universalist Critique of Methodological Individualism

       4 The Experience of a Whole and Scientific Cognition

       5 The Errors of the Universalist Doctrine

       6 “Objective” Meaning

       IV Utilitarianism and Rationalism and the Theory of Action

       1 Vierkandt’s Instinct Sociology

       2 Myrdal’s Theory of Attitudes

       3 The Critique of Rationalism by Ethnology and Prehistory

       4 Instinct Sociology and Behaviorism

       2 SOCIOLOGY AND HISTORY

       Introduction

       1 The Methodological and the Logical Problem

       2 The Logical Character of History

       3 The Ideal Type and Sociological Law

       4 The Basis of the Misconceptions Concerning the Logical Character of Economics

       5 History without Sociology

       6 Universal History and Sociology

       7 Sociological Laws and Historical Laws

       8 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis in Economics

       9 The Universal Validity of Sociological Knowledge

       Conclusion

       3 CONCEPTION AND UNDERSTANDING

       1 Cognition from Without and Cognition from Within

       2 Conception and Understanding

       3 The Irrational as an Object of Cognition

      [print edition page ix]

       4 Sombart’s Critique of Economics

       5 Logic and the Social Sciences

       4 ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECTIVE THEORY OF VALUE

       1 The Delimitation of the “Economic”

       2 Preferring as the Basic Element in Human Conduct

       3 Eudaemonism and the Theory of Value

       4 Economics and Psychology

       5 Economics and Technology

       6 Monetary Calculation and the “Economic in the Narrower Sense”

       7 Exchange Ratios and the Limits of Monetary Calculation

       8 Changes in the Data

       9 The Role of Time in the Economy

       10 “Resistances”

       11 Costs

       5 REMARKS ON THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM OF THE SUBJECTIVE THEORY OF VALUE

       6 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE OPPOSITION TO ECONOMIC THEORY

       Introduction

       1 The Problem

       2 The Hypothesis of Marxism and the Sociology of Knowledge

       3 The Role of Resentment

       4 Freedom and Necessity

       Conclusion

       7 THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE THEORY OF VALUE

       8 INCONVERTIBLE CAPITAL

       1 The Influence of the Past on Production

       2 Trade Policy and the Influence of the Past

      [print edition page x]

       3 The Malinvestment of Capital

       4 The Adaptability of Workers

       5 The Entrepreneur’s View of Malinvestment

       Index

      [print edition page xi]

FOREWORD TO THE LIBERTY FUND EDITION

      Ludwig von Mises’s early interest was in history. Because the School of Law at the University of Vienna offered the opportunity to study history, he enrolled in that School, graduated with “highest honors” in 1902, and received in 1906 a doctorate in both Canon and Roman Laws. His early writings were on economic history. He wrote about workers’ pensions, Austria’s factory legislation, monetary and banking policy, foreign exchange policy, etc. As he wrote in his Notes and Recollections, published after his death (1978): “The historical method was [then] believed to be the only scientific method for the sciences of human action.” However, as Mises saw it, the science of economics was an entirely different discipline from history and called for a very different methodology.

      By 1930, Mises had written books on various aspects of economics—monetary theory, interventionism, socialism, liberalism, and cyclical policy. But he considered it important also to discuss the theory of economics, i.e., its methodology. He felt it should be explained СКАЧАТЬ