A Synopsis of the Birds of North America. John James Audubon

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СКАЧАТЬ Female.

      Bill comparatively very short, nearly straight; wings short, very convex, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills almost equal. Upper parts blackish-brown, each feather with a brownish-white line along the shaft, and the outer edge toward the end reddish-brown; quills dusky, the outer webs barred with pale yellowish-brown; upper tail-coverts and tail similarly barred; a pale yellowish streak over the eye; throat and central part of the breast greyish-white, the rest of the lower parts pale reddish-brown, the sides under the wings faintly barred with dusky.

      Male, 4³/₈, 5⁵/₈.

      Resident during winter from Texas to South Carolina. In spring proceeds as far eastward as Massachusetts, breeding in all the fresh-water marshes.

      Short-billed Marsh-Wren, Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 436.

      Nuttall's Short-billed Marsh-Wren, Troglodytes brevirostris, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 427; v. v. p. 469.

      FAMILY X. PARINÆ. TITS.

      Bill very short or of moderate length, straight, strong, compressed, rather sharp; both mandibles with the dorsal line sloping and slightly convex, the sides convex, the edges sharp; notches obsolete. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head rather large, roundish; neck short; body short, and rather full. Feet of moderate length, rather stout; tarsus rather short, compressed, with eight distinct scutella; toes large, the three anterior united as far as the second joint, the hind toe much stronger and flattened beneath; claws rather long, stout, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage very soft, blended, and full. Feathers at the base of the bill directed forwards. Wings of moderate length, much rounded, with the first quill very small, the fourth and fifth longest. Tail rather long, slender, of twelve narrow rounded feathers. Tongue emarginate and papillate at the base, abrupt at the tip, with four bristles. Œsophagus narrow, without dilatation; proventriculus oblong; stomach a rather strong oblong gizzard, with the muscles distinct, the epithelium dense, thin, longitudinally rugous; intestine short, of moderate width; cœca very small; cloaca oblong. Trachea simple, with four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles.

      GENUS I. PARUS, Linn. TIT.

      Bill short, stout; upper mandible with the dorsal line slightly decurved toward the end, the edges overlapping, with a slight lobe or festoon near the base, destitute of notch, rather acute; lower mandible with the dorsal outline slightly convex, the edges direct, the tip rather acute. Nostrils roundish, covered by bristly feathers. Head rather large, roundish; neck short. Feet proportionally large; tarsus of moderate length; hind toe very large and strong, the two lateral nearly equal, the outer adherent at the base; claws large, much compressed, very acute. Wings of moderate length, convex. Tail long, or of moderate length, rounded or graduated, of twelve rather narrow feathers.

      125. 1. Parus bicolor, Linn. Tufted Titmouse.—Crested Titmouse. Great Chicadee.

      Plate XXXIX. Male and Female.

      Bill very stout; feathers of the upper part of the head elongated into a crest; tail long, slightly rounded; upper parts leaden-blue, forehead black, lower parts greyish-white, the sides light red.

      Male, 6¹/₂, 9.

      From Texas, where it breeds, to the Fur Countries, generally distributed eastward of the Rocky Mountains. Resident in the middle, southern, and western districts. Abundant.

      Crested Titmouse, Parus bicolor, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 187.

      Parus bicolor, Bonap. Syn. p. 100.

      Tufted Titmouse, Parus bicolor, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 236.

      Crested Titmouse, Parus bicolor, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 199; v. v. p. 472.

      126. 2. Parus atricapillus, Linn. Black-cap Tit.—Black-cap Titmouse, or Chicadee.

      Plate CCCLIII. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female.

      Bill moderately stout; tail long, emarginate, and rounded. Upper part of the head and hind neck, with a large patch on the fore neck, black; cheeks and sides of the neck white; back yellowish-grey; quills and tail-feathers dark greyish-brown, margined with bluish-white; the secondaries broadly edged with white; lower parts pale yellowish-red, the breast white.

      Male, 5¹/₈, 8¹/₄.

      From Maryland eastward and northward to Lat. 65°. In Kentucky during winter. Never in the southern parts.

      Black-capt Titmouse, Parus atricapillus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 134.

      Parus atricapillus, Bonap. Syn. p. 100.

      Black-capt Titmouse, Nutt. Man. p. 241.

      Black-capt Titmouse, Parus atricapillus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 374.

      127. 3. Parus Carolinensis, Aud. Carolina Tit.

      Plate CLX. Male and Female.

      Bill very short, moderately stout; tail rather long, emarginate, and rounded. Upper part of the head and hind neck, with a large patch on the fore neck, black; cheeks and sides of the neck greyish-white; back yellowish-grey; quills and tail-feathers dark greyish-brown, margined with bluish-white, secondaries not conspicuously; lower parts greyish-white, tinged with yellow. This species is very similar to the last, but much inferior in size.

      Male, 4¹/₄, 6.

      Breeds from Texas to New Jersey. Rather abundant. Resident.

      Carolina Titmouse, Parus Carolinensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 341; v. v. p. 474.

      128. 4. Parus Hudsonicus, Lath. Hudson's Bay Tit.

      Plate CXCIV. Male, Female, and Young.

      Bill short, moderately stout; tail long, emarginate, and considerably rounded. Upper parts dull light brown, tinged with grey; fore neck black; cheeks and sides of the neck white; breast and abdomen white, sides light yellowish-brown.

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