Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages). Noah Webster

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СКАЧАТЬ Syn. - To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.

       Av¶erÏage (?), n. [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF. aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. habere to have. Cf. F. av‚rage small cattle, and avarie (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was pe??? the service of carting a feudal lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf. Aver, n., Avercorn, Averpenny.] 1. (OLd Eng. Law) That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.

       2. [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.) (a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.] (b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped. (c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils. (d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested.

       General ~, a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice. Kent. Ð Particular ~ signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers. Ð Petty averages are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading,½primage and average accustomed,¸ average means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould. Abbott. Phillips.

       3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average 10.

       4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. ½The average of sensations.¸

       Paley.

       5. pl. In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.

       On an average, taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

       Av¶erÏage (?), a. 1. Pertaining to an ~ or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the average stamp.

       2. According to the laws of ~; as, the loss must be made good by average contribution.

       Av¶erÏage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Averaging.] 1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.

       2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss.

       3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an ~.

       Av¶erÏage, v. i. To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; as, the losses of the owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length.

       A¶verÏcorn· (?), n. [Aver, n. + corn.] (Old Eng. Law) A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.

       Kennet.

       AÏver¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. averement, LL. averamentum. See Aver, v. t.] 1. The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive assertion.

       Signally has this averment received illustration in the course of recent events.

       I. Taylor.

       2. Verification; establishment by evidence.

       Bacon.

       3. (Law) A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is alleged.

       µ In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he avers it to be true, by using this form of words: ½and this he is ready to verify.¸ This was formerly called an averment. It modern pleading, it is termed a verification.

       Blackstone.

       AÏver¶nal (?), AÏver¶niÏan (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.

       Av¶erÏpen·ny (?), n. [Aver, n. + penny.] (Old Eng. Law) Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.

       AÏver¶roÏism (?), n. The tenets of the Averroists.

       AÏver¶roÏist, n. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine of monopsychism.

       Av·erÏrun¶cate (?), v. t. [L. averruncare to avert; a, ab, off + verruncare to turn; formerly derived from ab and eruncare to root out. Cf. Aberuncate.] 1. To avert; to ward off. [Obs.]

       Hudibras.

       2. To root up. [Obs.]

       Johnson.

       Av·erÏrunÏca¶tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. averroncation.] 1. The act of averting. [Obs.]

       2. Eradication. [R.]

       De Quincey.

       Av·erÏrunÏca¶tor (?), n. [Cf. Aberuncator.] An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.

       Av·erÏsa¶tion (?), n. [L. aversatio, fr. aversari to turn away, v. intens. of avertere. See Avert.] A turning from with dislike; aversion. [Obs.or Archaic]

       Some men have a natural aversation to some vices or virtues, and a natural affection to others.

       Jer. Taylor.

       AÏverse¶ (?), a. [L. aversus, p. p. of avertere. See Avert.] 1. Turned away or backward. [Obs.]

       The tracks averse a lying notice gave,

       And led the searcher backward from the cave.

       Dryden.

       2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.

       Averse alike to flatter, or offend.

       Pope.

       Men who were averse to the life of camps.

       Macaulay.

       Pass by securely as men averse from war.

       Micah ii. 8.

       µ The prevailing usage now is to employ to after averse and its derivatives rather than from, as was formerly the usage. In this the СКАЧАТЬ