The Seaman's Friend. Richard Henry Dana

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СКАЧАТЬ Head 11 ft. 6 in. Size 25 in. Mizzen-mast 68 ft. Head 8 ft. 6 in. Size 18 in. Main and fore topmasts 41 ft. Head 6 ft. 6 in. Size 14½ in. Mizzen topmast 32 ft. Head 5 ft. Size 9½ in. Main topgallant-mast 23 ft. (15 ft. with 2 feet head.) Size 9½ in. Fore topgallant-mast 21 ft. 14 ft. with 2 feet head.) Size 9½ in. Mizzen topgallant-mast 17 ft. 11 ft. with 18 in. with 2 feet head.) Main and fore yards 60 ft. yard-arms 2 ft. 6 in. Main and fore topsail yards 48 ft. yard-arms 3 ft. 6 in. Main topgallant yard 37 ft. yard-arms 2 ft. Fore topgallant yard 34 ft. yard-arms 2 ft. Main royal yard 27 ft. yard-arms 1 ft. 6 in. Fore royal yard 24 ft. yard-arms 1 ft. 6 in. Main skysail yard 17 ft. Fore skysail yard 15 ft. Cross-jack yard 44 ft. yard-arms 2 ft. Mizzen topsail yard 35 ft. yard-arms 2 ft. 9 in. Mizzen topgallant yard 25 ft. yard-arms 1 ft. 6 in. Mizzen royal yard 16 ft. Mizzen skysail yard 10 ft. Bowsprit, out-board 27 ft. Size 26 in. Jib-boom 42 ft. Head 3 ft. Size 14½ in. Flying jib-boom 40 ft. Head 3 ft. 6 in. Main pole 12 ft., 10 above royal-mast, 5 in. in cap. Fore pole 11 ft., 9 above royal-mast, 4½ in. in cap. Mizzen pole 9 ft., 7 above royal-mast Spanker-boom 40 ft. Spanker-gaff 30 ft. Swinging-booms 40 ft. Topmast studdingsail-booms 34 ft. Topgallant studdingsail-booms 27 ft., yards for do. 17 ft.

      Placing the Masts.—For a full-built ship, take the ship's extreme length and divide it into sevenths. Place the foremast one seventh of this length from the stem; the mainmast three sevenths from the foremast, and the mizzenmast two sevenths from the mainmast. If a vessel is sharp-built, and her stem and stern-post rake, her foremast should be further aft, and her mizzenmast further forward, than the rule of sevenths would give. A common rule for placing the foremast, is to deduct three fifths of a ship's beam from her length, for the curvature of the keel forward, which is called the keel-stroke, and place the mast next abaft the keel-stroke.

      Size of Anchors and Cables.—Various rules have been adopted for the weight of a ship's anchors. A vessel of 100 tons will generally have a best bower of 6 cwt. and a small bower of 5 cwt.; the weight of both being eleven pounds to a ton of the vessel. As a vessel increases in size, the proportion diminishes. A vessel of 700 tons will usually carry a best bower of 27 cwt. and a small bower of 24 cwt.; the weight of both being seven and a half pounds to a ton of the vessel. The stream should be a little more than one third the weight of the best bower. The anchor-stock should be the length of the shank; its diameter should be half that of the ring, and its thickness one inch at the middle and half an inch at each end for every foot in length. Chain cables are usually ninety fathoms in length, for large-sized vessels, and sixty for small vessels, as schooners and sloops. The regulation of the United States Navy for chain cables, is one inch and a half for a sloop of war, and one and a quarter for brigs and schooners. In the merchant service, a ship of 400 tons would probably have a best bower cable of one and five sixths, and a working bower of one and a quarter inches. A ship of 700 tons would have a best bower of one and five eighths, and a working bower of one and a half inches. Chain cables have a shackle at every fifteen fathoms, and one swivel at the first shackle. Some have two swivels; and formerly they were made with a swivel between each shackle.

      Lead-lines.—The hand-lead weighs usually seven pounds, and the hand-line is from twenty to thirty fathoms in length. The deep-sea-lead (pro. dipsey) weighs from fourteen to eighteen or twenty pounds; and the deep-sea-line is from ninety to one hundred and ten fathoms. The proper way to mark a hand-line is, black leather at 2 and 3 fathoms; white rag at 5; red rag at 7; wide strip of leather, with a hole in it, at 10; and 13, 15 and 17 marked like 3, 5 and 7; two knots at 20; 3 at 30; and 4 at 40; with single pieces of cord at 25 and 35.

      The deep-sea-line СКАЧАТЬ