The Calendar History of Kiowa Indians (Illustrated Edition). James Mooney

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СКАЧАТЬ 2 sets apart for the use of the three confederated tribes their present reservation, bounded on the east by the ninety-eighth meridian, on the south and west by Red river and its Northfork, and on the north by the Washita from the ninety-eighth meridian up to a point 30 miles by river from Fort Cobb, and thence by a line due west to the North fork. All within these bounds is solemnly "set apart for the undisturbed use and occupation of the tribes herein named, and for such other friendly tribes or individual Indians as from time to time they may be willing, with the consent of the United States, to admit among them; and the United States now solemnly agrees that no persons except those herein authorized so to do, and except such officers, agents, and employés of the government as may be authorized to enter upon [the] Indian reservation in discharge of duties enjoined by law, shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in the territory described in this article, or in such territory as may be added to this reservation, for the use of said Indians."

      By article 10 all obligations incurred by the United States under previous treaties are canceled, and instead the government agrees to deliver at the agency, "on the 15th day of October of each year, for thirty years," the equivalent of a full suit of clothing for each Indian man, woman, and child, for which purpose the agent is to make an annual census of the tribes; "and in addition to the clothing herein named, the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars shall be annually appropriated for a period of thirty years" for the judicious purchase of such articles as may seem proper to the condition and necessities of the Indians. Provision is made for the expenditure of a portion of the clothing fund in other ways for the benefit of the Indians, whenever, within the period of thirty years, it might seem advisable, "but in no event shall the amount of this appropriation be withdrawn or discontinued for the period named." All annuity issues were to be made in the presence of an army officer detailed for the purpose, who should inspect and report on the quantity and quality of the goods and the manner of their delivery.

      Provision is also made for establishing a sufficient number of schools to continue for a period of not less than twenty years. The Indians agree to surrender all claims to lands outside the reservation as established in article 2, retaining, however, some temporary hunting privileges south of the Arkansas. Several minor details are specified, and by article 12 it is stipulated that no treaty for the sale of any portion of the reservation thus agreed upon shall have force or validity "unless executed and signed by at least three-fourths of all the adult male Indians occupying the same."

      The Kiowa signers were ten in number, of whom only Set-ĭmkía was still alive in 1896. Their names were:

       Set-ä´ngya, "Sitting-bear" (Satank).

       Set-t'aiñte, "White-bear" (Sa-tan-ta).

       Gúato-kóñgya, "Black-bird" (Wa-toh-konk, or Black Eagle).

       T'ene´-angópte, "Kicking-bird" (Ton-a-en-ko, or Kicking Eagle).

       Taká-i-bodal, "Spoiled-saddle-blanket" (Fish-e-more, or Stinking Saddle).

       Mäñyí-tén, "Woman-heart" (Ma-ye-tin).

       Set-ĭmkía, "Pushing-bear" (Sa-tim-gear, or Stumbling Bear).

       Set-pä´go, "Lone-bear" (Sit-par-ga, or Sa-pa-ga, or One Bear).

       Gaá-bohón, "Crow-bonnet" (Corbeau, or The Crow).

       Set-emâ´-i, "Bear-lying-down" (Sa-ta-more).

      The Apache signers were:

       Babípa (Mah-vip-pah, Wolf's Sleeve).

       Gúañtekána (Kon-zhon-ta-co, Poor Bear).

       Chónshitá (Cho-se-ta, or Bad Back).

       ————(Nah-tan, or Brave Man).

       ————(Ba-zhe-ech, Iron Shirt).

       Tĭ´l-'lakaí (Til-la-ka, or White Horn).

      The Comanche signers, of whom only Howia was alive in 1896, were:

       Päriăséaman, "Ten-elks" (Parry-wah-say-men, or Ten Bears).

       Tĭ´pinävón (Tep-pe-navon, or Painted Lips).

       Tä´sawi (To-sa-in, To-she-wi, or Silver Brooch).

       Síachĭ´nika, "Standing-head-feather" (Cear-chi-neka).

       Howía, (Ho-we-are, or Gap in the Woods).

       Täyăkwoip, "Sore-backed-horse" (Tir-ha-yah-guahip, or Horse's Back).

       Ĭsanä´naka, "Wolf-noise" (Es-a-nanaca, or Wolf's Name).

       Ätéstisti, "Little-horn" (Ah-te-es-ta).

       Púiwi-tóyäbi "Iron-mountain" (Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be).

       Sä´riyo, "Dog-fat" (Sad-dy-yo).

      In addition to the signatures of the commissioners the treaty bears the names of a number of witnesses, some of them noted in the pioneer history of the southwest, including Thomas Murphy, superintendent of Indian affairs, J. H. Leavenworth, agent for the three tribes, and Philip McCusker, the interpreter, well known in connection with these tribes until his death in 1885.

      Renewed Hostilities

       Table of Contents

      As no arrangements had yet been made for the removal of the Indians to the south, most of them remained encamped on the Arkansas until June, 1868, when the Cheyenne became involved in difficulty with the military, resulting in their flight southward to the Canadian and Washita. On the return of the unsuccessful war party against the Ute, in which Setdayâ´ite had been killed, as narrated in the calendar for that year (see the calendar), the Kiowa also left the Arkansas and removed to the south, thus anticipating measures by General Sherman to drive all these tribes by military force upon the new reservations assigned them by the late treaty, notwithstanding the fact that neither agency buildings nor agents were yet established on either reservation. In pursuance of this policy, General Sherman, in September, asked to have all issues whatever to any of these tribes withheld until they had concentrated near Fort Cobb on the Washita, and announced that after waiting a sufficient time for them to reach that point he would solicit an order declaring all Indians outside these reservations to be outlaws, "and recommending all people, soldiers, and citizens to proceed against them as such." He also proposed to declare forfeited the hunting privileges outside these boundaries, guaranteed under the treaty. Despite the agent's protest that the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache had done nothing to deserve such treatment, and the statement of the acting commissioner that Fort Cobb was not on the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservation at all, military operations were begun in September, with this purpose in view, with the result that all five tribes were again involved in war (Report, 25).

      However peaceable the Kiowa and Comanche may have been on the Kansas frontier at this time, they were insolent enough in the south, for, in addition to raids into Texas, the agent for the Wichita and associated tribes, which had recently been removed to the vicinity of Fort Cobb, reports that they had plundered the Wichita of nearly everything, burned the agency, and forced the employees to leave to save СКАЧАТЬ