Introducing Large Rivers. Avijit Gupta

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      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 At least 10 m high midchannel bar in the Brahmaputra at Sirajganj...Figure 4.2 Schematic network of a large river. Compare with the satellite im...Figure 4.3 Schematic sketch of the megafan of the Kosi River.Figure 4.4 The Amazon: Generalised geology and course.Figure 4.5 The Amazon from satellite imagery.Figure 4.6 Structural control at the Amazon-Negro confluence. In Brazil the ...Figure 4.7 The Ganga from satellite imagery.Figure 4.8 The Ganga from satellite imagery in alluvium, bars and bends.Figure 4.9 Diagrammatic sketch of the Irrawaddy leaving an alluvial segment ...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Major Brazilian rivers and wetlands.Figure 5.2 Mean annual water level fluctuations of major Brazilian rivers be...

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Delta landforms. Adapted from Gupta 2011.Figure 6.2 The Effect of at the tropical cyclone Nargis on the Irrawaddy del...Figure 6.3 Location of major deltas in the world: 1, Amazon; 2, Ganga-Brahma...Figure 6.4 Different types of deltas.Figure 6.5 Photograph of a tidal creek through mangrove forest, Sundarbans, ...Figure 6.6 Physiographic and tectonic map of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta.

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Simplified diagram showing drainage reorganisation in South Centr...Figure 7.2 Global correlation time chart of the Quaternary showing the Marin...Figure 7.3 Landforms and geomorphological processes in the Blue Nile Basin d...Figure 7.4 Sketch map of the late Pleistocene glacially diverted drainage sy...Figure 7.5 The Mississippi Basin.Figure 7.6 Diagrammatic sketch showing the relative position of the major ri...

      8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Schematic map of the Colorado River Basin showing the major dams ...Figure 8.2 The concrete arch-gravity Hoover Dam was built in the Black Canyo...Figure 8.3 Schematic diagram showing the Aswan High Dam in the Nile Basin.Figure 8.4 Fresh sediment against the rocky bank of the Mekong, Lao PDR. Pho...Figure 8.5 Sediment change downstream of dams.Figure 8.6 Degradation and changes in long profile downstream from dams.Figure 8.7 Effect of the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River: (a) reduced ...Figure 8.8 The course of the Changjiang and the location of the Three Gorges...

      9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Tonlé Sap and the Mekong.

      10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 General geology and river units in the Mekong Basin.Figure 10.2 Annual hydrographs (1997) of the Mekong at Chang Saen, Thailand ...Figure 10.3 Mekong flood of 2000 affecting Cambodia and Vietnam. Map prepare...Figure 10.4 Rock ribs and flood markers in the Mekong channel upstream of Lu...Figure 10.5 Sand deposition on boulders by the Mekong after a large flood. P...

      11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 The five largest arctic river basins drawn to the same scale; th...Figure 11.2 Ideal fluvial system model (after Schumm 1977). Every fluvial sy...Figure 11.3 Major tectonic structure of the Lena, Yenisei, and Ob basins (af...Figure 11.4 Physiographic subdivisions of the Mackenzie basin (after Bostock...Figure 11.5 Maximum extent of glacial lakes along the margin of the retreati...Figure 11.6 (a) Climate regions in the five large river basins based on Thor...Figure 11.7 The boreal forest (taiga) biome in (a) Lena, (b) Mackenzie and (...Figure 11.8 (a) Zonation of permafrost in the northern hemisphere under the ...Figure 11.9 The six longest Environment Canada climate records available for...Figure 11.10 Hydrometric stations on Ob-Irtysh, Yenisei-Angara and Lena rive...Figure 11.11 Water inputs to the Arctic Ocean by sector and annual water dis...Figure 11.12 Daily runoff regimes for the Lena and Mackenzie rivers over a t...Figure 11.13 Runoff regimes of the Mackenzie River at the Arctic Red River s...Figure 11.14 Great Slave Lake transforms the highly variable discharge of th...Figure 11.15 Discharge hydrographs of four stations along the Liard River in...Figure 11.16 Water and sediment discharges in large arctic rivers. Black his...Figure 11.17 Cordilleran sediment sources (1974–1994) and lake sinks in the ...Figure 11.18 Correlation of specific sediment yield with discharge area (aft...Figure 11.19 (a) The locations of eleven major west bank tributaries of the ...Figure 11.20 Annual fluctuations in fine sediment load inputs to the Mackenz...Figure 11.21 Concentrations (left columns) and yields (right columns) of nit...Figure 11.22 Map of the Mackenzie delta anabranching system (after Burn 2010...Figure 11.23 Lena–Olenek delta: to the west, the Olenek Channel that freezes...Figure 11.24 Depositional environments of the Yukon–Kushkokwim delta.Figure 11.25 Schematic diagram of distinctive features of the Yukon–Kushokwi...

      12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Solar and thermal (terrestrial) radiation entering and leaving t...Figure 12.2 Changing extent of Arctic sea ice in recent years (from satellit...Figure 12.3 MODIS image of lower Ganga and Brahmaputra valleys and the delta...Figure 12.4 Possible effects of climate change in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delt...Figure 12.5 Probable geomorphic changes in a hypothetical large river due to...

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