The Lays of Beleriand. Christopher Tolkien

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СКАЧАТЬ the poem (‘he learned much lore’, ‘neither did he win friendship easily’). In the poem it is now added that in weaving song / he had a minstrel’s mastery, but mirth was not in it.

      An important new element in the narrative enters with the companionship of Beleg and Túrin (wearing the Dragon-helm, 377) in warfare on the marches of Doriath:

       how Beleg the ageless was brother-in-arms

       to the black-haired boy from the beaten people.

      (416–17)

      Of this there is no mention in the Tale at all (II. 74). Cf. my Commentary, II. 122:

      Túrin’s prowess against the Orcs during his sojourn in Artanor is given a more central or indeed unique importance in the tale (‘he held the wrath of Melko from them for many years’), especially as Beleg, his companion-in-arms in the later versions, is not here mentioned.

      In the poem the importance to Doriath of Túrin’s warfare is not diminished, however:

       for by him was holden the hand of ruin

       from Thingol’s folk, and Thû feared him (389–90)

      We meet here for the first time Thû, thane most mighty / neath Morgoth Bauglir. It is interesting to learn that Thû knew of Túrin and feared him, also that Morgoth ordered Thû to assault Doriath: this story will reappear in the Lay of Leithian.

      In the story of Túrin and Orgof the verses are very clearly following the prose of the Tale, and there are many close likenesses of wording, as already noted. The relation of this scene to the later story has been discussed previously (II. 121–2). Orgof still has Gnome-blood, which may imply the continuance of the story that there were Gnomes among Thingol’s people (see II. 43). The occasion of Túrin’s return from the forest to the Thousand Caves (a name that first occurs in the poem) becomes, as it seems, a great feast, with songs of Valinor – quite unlike the later story, where the occasion is in no way marked out and Thingol and Melian were not in Menegroth (Narn p. 79); and Túrin and Orgof were set on high / near the king and queen (i.e. presumably on the dais, at the ‘high table’). Whether it was a rejection of this idea that caused my father to bracket lines 461–3 and mark them with an X I cannot say. The secret songs of the sons of Ing referred to in this passage (421) are not indeed songs of the sons of Ing of the Ælfwine history (II. 301 ff.); this Ing is the Gnomish form of Ingwë, Lord of the First Kindred of the Elves (earlier Inwë Lord of the Teleri).^*

      The lines concerning Orgof dead are noteworthy:

       his hour had come

       that his soul should seek the sad pathway

       to the deep valley of the Dead Awaiting,

       there a thousand years thrice to ponder

       in the gloom of Gurthrond his grim jesting,

       ere he fare to Faërie to feast again.

      (544–9)

      With this compare the tale of The Coming of the Valar and the Building of Valinor (I. 76):

      There [in the hall of Vê] Mandos spake their doom, and there they waited in the darkness, dreaming of their past deeds, until such time as he appointed when they might again be born into their children, and go forth to laugh and sing again.

      The name Gurthrond (< Guthrond) occurs nowhere else; the first element is doubtless gurth ‘death’, as in the name of Túrin’s sword Gurtholfin (II. 342).

      There remain a few particular points concerning names. At line 366 Hithlum is explained as the name of Dorlómin among Men:

       of dark Dorlómin with its dreary pines

       that Hithlum unhappy is hight by Men.

      This is curious. In the Lost Tales the name of the land among Men was Aryador; so in the Tale of Turambar (II. 70):

      In those days my folk dwelt in a vale of Hisilómë and that land did Men name Aryador in the tongues they then used.

      In the 1930 ‘Silmarillion’ it is specifically stated that Hithlum and Dorlómin were Gnomish names for Hisilómë, and there seems every reason to suppose that this was always the case. The answer to the puzzle may however lie in the same passage of the Tale of Turambar, where it is said that

      often was the story of Turambar and the Foalókë in their [i.e. Men’s] mouths – but rather after the fashion of the Gnomes did they say Turumart and the Fuithlug.

      Perhaps then the meaning of line 366 is that Men called Hisilómë Hithlum because they used the Gnomish name, not that it was the name in their own tongue.

      In the following lines (367–8)

       the Shadowy Mountains

       fenced them from Faërie and the folk of the wood.

      This is the first occurrence of the name Shadowy Mountains, and it is used as it was afterwards (Ered Wethrin); in the Lost Tales the mountains forming the southern fence of Hithlum are called the Iron Mountains or the Bitter Hills (see II. 61).

      The name Cuinlimfin of the Waters of Awakening (note to line 450) seems to have been a passing idea, soon abandoned.

      Lastly, at line 50 occurs (by emendation in B from Côr) the unique compound name Corthûn, while at 430 the city of Côr was emended to the city of Tún; see II. 292.

II

       BELEG

Long time alone he lived in the hills
a hunter of beast and hater of Men,	560
or Orcs, or Elves, till outcast folk
there one by one, wild and reckless
around him rallied; and roaming far
they were feared by both foe and friend of old.
For hot with hate was the heart of Túrin,	565
nor a friend found him such folk of Thingol
as he wandering met in the wood’s fastness.

There Beleg the brave on the borders of Doriath
they found and fought – and few were with him –
and o’erborne by numbers they bound him at last,	570
till their captain came to their camp at eve.
Afar from that fight his fate that day
had taken Túrin on the trail of the Orcs,
as they hastened home to the Hills of Iron
with the loot laden of the lands of Men.	575
Then soon was him said that a servant of Thingol
they had tied to a tree – and Túrin coming
stared astonied on the stern visage
of Beleg the brave his brother in arms,
of whom he learned the lore of leaping blades,	580
and of bended bow and barbéd shaft,
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