English for Life Grade 12 Learner’s Book Home Language. Lynne Southey

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СКАЧАТЬ mistakes you find. These will be punctuation or spelling mistakes. If you are not sure of the spelling of a word, look it up in a dictionary.

      How air pressure causes the temperature to rise

      Air is warmer at the eqautorial region that at the polss because it recieves more insolation from the sun Insolation (incident solar radiation( is a measure of solar radiation energy )such as light) received on a given area in a given time. In other words the equatorial region is warmer becuase it receives more radation from the sun. This heeting of the air causes it to rise at the equator. The rising air leafs behind a lower pressure because air is moving away from the region as it rises the air cools and diverts in the upper atemosphere. The upper atmosphere air travells about 30° north and south of the equatorial region before it cools enough to sink back down again. this sinking process (subsidence) causes a high pressure in the area

      The equatorial region is a converjence zone because sirface air from the sub-tropical regions meats here This area is oficially known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It cannot be reffered to as the equator because, unlike the equator this zone shifts north and south of the equator depending on the season. Thirty degrees north and south of the equator are areas of predominently high pressure because here the air is subsiding the subsiding air is asocciated with deverging air on the surfase. Therefor this is a zone of divergence. The earths rottation causes these air movements to swing to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

       Your teacher will go through the corrected version with you.

      Review of Cycle 1

      You can use this self-assessment checklist to review what you have learnt.

When listening and speaking I can
Take part in pair discussions
Understand a listening text
When reading and viewing I can understand
An informative article
Genre
The sections of a book
A cartoon
Extracts from a novel
A poem
I can write
Answers to questions
Sentences
A formal and an informal letter
A paragraph using the writing process
Using different voices
Using editing and proofreading skills
Using correct spelling and punctuation

      Introduction

      The theme of this cycle continues the first cycle’s theme and concerns what is happening to the earth. You will read different kinds of texts – visual, informative and literary – and go through the writing process for essay writing, practising the different steps. You will also hold a formal group discussion for which you will need to do some research.

      Reading for comprehension

      You will read several different kinds of texts in the activities below. There are different strategies that you can use in order to increase your understanding of the passages.

      First of all, it always helps to know something about what you are about to read – but how do you know if you haven’t read it yet? You skim it to see what you can pick up. You can look at the title, key words, pictures and captions to get a general idea. This is the pre-reading stage.

      Then, during reading, you can either confirm or correct your first impression. Ask yourself questions about what you read; for example, what does this refer to, or who said this, or what does this mean?

      You will usually be given questions to answer after you have read the text: the post-reading stage. These questions will help you to check whether you have understood what you have read.

      When you are presented with a visual text, you also need to understand the various elements: font, colour, placing of elements, pictures, etc. A visual text might take the form of a cartoon like the one you studied in the previous cycle, or a map or graph, or even a diagram or picture.

      A useful question to ask of all texts is: ‘What is the purpose and who is the intended audience?’

      In the activities below you will practise reading different texts.

      Activity 2.1 - Reading a map (individual and pair)

       A map is a very useful way of presenting information, but it can be more challenging to understand than a written text. The map below details the movement of the Gulf Stream. The part of the globe you can see is the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Examine the map carefully.

      [Gulf Stream, from: http://www.sciencepoles.org/index.php?/articles/&uid=468]

      1.Now discuss the questions below with a partner and then write out the answers individually:

      a. Which of the arrows represents the Gulf Stream that warms Europe? How can you tell?

      b. Look on a globe or map of the Earth and explain what land mass each number on this diagram represents.

      c. In which direction (clockwise or anticlockwise) does the current move?

      2. Write a paragraph in which you describe the movement of the Gulf Stream current. Use the diagram to help you with the details.

       Swap with your partner and check each other’s paragraphs.

      Activity 2.2 - Reading about ecosystems and biomes (individual and pair)

      Pre-reading:

       Think first about what an ecosystem is. How would you describe your ecosystem? You are going to read a text about ecosystems and then do a closer examination of biomes.

      What is a biome?

      A biome is a large area with similar flora, fauna, and micro-organisms. Most of us are familiar with the tropical rainforests, tundra in the arctic regions, and the evergreen trees in the coniferous forests. Each of these large communities contains species that are adapted to varying conditions (availability of water, temperature and soil type). For instance, polar bears thrive in the Arctic while cactus plants have a thick skin to help preserve water in the hot desert.

      The major biomes: mountains (high elevation); tundra; temperate forest; marine/island; desert; tropical dry forest; cold climate forest; grassland savannah; tropical rainforest

      What is an ecosystem?

      The words ‘ecosystem’ and ‘biome’ are often confused. There is a slight difference in meaning between the two words. An ecosystem is usually much smaller than a biome. A biome can be thought of as many similar ecosystems throughout the world that are grouped together. An ecosystem can be as large as the Sahara Desert or as small as a puddle.

      Ecosystems СКАЧАТЬ