The Mystery of Death. Ladislaus Boros

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СКАЧАТЬ speaking, according to Boros, this process gets fully underway at the climacteric; that is, when the first curve of life has definitively entered its falling phase and the intimation of one’s personal mortality begins to dawn. This notion of “growing into age” or “second half of life agendas” is now a popular model in contemporary spirituality, but it is important to realize that Boros was already onto it a quarter of a century before the appearance of Helen Luke’s iconic book Old Age in 1987. This rising curve, consisting of our conscious interiority and integrated life experience, at some point crosses the path of the falling curve—and keeps on rising! When this inner ascent reaches its natural fullness in old age, what emerges is the authentic elder, exuding a radiance and plenitude of being that is no longer confined to this world alone, but in fact opens into the infinite:

      Over time … there emerges the old man, the wise man, the elder, whose whole strength is spirit, deriving from a composure we can really call saintly. Perhaps such men say little, or at any rate little of importance, but by their simple presence they transform the complex of existence and make it transparent. Their “act” of essential being is [in] the spiritual transparency of the realized meaning of existence. … These men have transformed all the energy of life into person (p. 53).

      This quiet luminosity, or incandescence of being, visible as a light within the diminishing human form, is essentially for Boros a “body,” a body of an entirely different substantiality—or as the case may be, dimensionality. It is a new kind of corporeity, through which the person so transformed can “call into existence, out of the bases of his own being, a body (no less)…his own corporeal state” (pp. 59–60). While this idea may sound jarring to traditional theological notions, it is well attested in the Western Inner Tradition, where it is sometimes called “second body,” “the resurrection body,” or “the wedding garment.”⁴ It is indeed a subtle form of embodiment whose building blocks are no longer material flesh and blood, but what some of the early mystics called “tincture” or “virtue”: the quality of our innermost aliveness, transformed and revealed in the medium of our life itself.

      Boros affirms unequivocally that the supreme work of a human life—our magnum opus, as it were—is to bring forth this transfigured version of oneself, the “supremely individual creation of a man” (p. 59). In fact, in one brief and cryptic allusion he intimates that it is precisely the gathering inner momentum of this “supremely individual creation” that bursts upon us in (and as) the climacteric, inaugurating the dissolution of the “outer man” so that the “inner man” can attain its full expression. As he sees it, “The ‘inner man’, that is, man as plenitude of significance, power of illumination, wisdom, genuineness, transcendent transparency, breadth of heart…gnaws away at the strength of the ‘outer man’” (p. 50). In other words—if his thinking here can be so construed—our aging is not entirely or even primarily the consequence of purely physical factors, but the outward and visible sign that the work of spiritual transfiguration has already begun. Just think how that up-ends our usual perception of aging!

      TOWARD PERSONHOOD

      Like Teilhard, Boros equates this more fully developed interiority with the emergence of what he calls “the person.” While he largely retains the traditional theological term “soul” to refer to the individual human being, his “person”—in a manner, for all intents and purposes, identical to Teilhard’s—specifically designates the fruit of this conscious interiority, this inner work of self-differentiation and individuation within a relational field.⁵ No longer simply a “human doing,” he has become a human being in the fullest sense of the word by transforming “all the energy of life into person” (p. 53). Personhood for Boros is thus far more than simply a synonym for the “individual” or even the “soul”; it is the mature fruit of a conscious relation with one’s life. This will be an important point to keep in mind when we move on shortly to Boros’s presentation of “ontological indigence.” His version of the “inner man” or true self is not featureless, like an onionskin peeled full back, but is rather the very essence of this integrated personhood fully able to hold its shape and manifest itself when transposed to a more subtle corporeity.

      It should be noted as well that the trajectory of this second curve of existence, the one guiding the emergence of our realized journey toward personhood, is at the same time a journey toward freedom. While the trajectory of the first (outer) curve leads, after that initial expansiveness of youth, toward greater and greater physical limitation and confinement, the trajectory of the second curve, when given full rein, rises irreversibly toward ever-greater interior freedom, expressed in those qualities of self-knowledge, personal agency, and the capacity to live imaginatively and richly within one’s interiority.

      The essence of a graceful passage through the climacteric, Boros feels, lies in the acknowledgement that the pathway to our ultimate freedom and fullness lies along that inner curve, along with the willingness to give ourselves to the process, rather than clinging frantically to the now-falling outer curve. As the poet T.S. Eliot appropriately observed in The Four Quartets:

       Old men ought to be explorers.

       Here and there does not matter.

       We must be still and still moving

       Into another intensity

       For a further union, a deeper communion.

      Boros argues convincingly throughout this entire first section of his work that the conscious articulation of our latent personhood is the fundamental purpose of the entire human journey, despite or even because of the inevitable decline and dissolution of the physical body. “With every diminution of his vital forces,” Boros summarizes, “a man kept discovering in himself a new potentiality for being, more completely, a person; and, at the same time, in the wake of all the crises already overcome, an independent centre inside existence itself was slowly coming into being” (p. 53). That in itself is a strong message of hope for those working their way through those latter stages of life, or for those serving as caregivers or spiritual guides during this process. But the place where Boros is ultimately taking this argument will be stronger still:

      If we prolong the two curves of existence as far as death, we observe the following result: the personal element in its fullness—in other words, the inner man—can only emerge in death, when the energies of the outer man disappear. The whole dynamic force of existence is then transformed into person and the man can arise in the completely untrammeled statement of himself as man (p. 53–54).

      THE MOMENT OF DEATH

      Boros’s most extensive discussion of the moment of death itself comes in the next-to-the-last section of his philosophical discussion (Section 8), which draws together the lines of inquiry from all seven of the preceding sections. If death does indeed, pose “the moment above all others for the awakening of consciousness, for freedom, for the encounter with God, for the final decision about one’s eternal destiny,” as he has claimed, of what does this freedom consist? How is the moment of death qualitatively different from any other moment? Building on Rahnerian reference points but in synthesis uniquely his own, he creates a vivid overview of the death process itself, highlighting those two defining features which both precipitate and form the matrix for this moment of final decision.

      As Boros sees it, death thrusts the person suddenly into two unprecedented changes of state, effected in and through the moment of death itself:

      1. The soul experiences what he calls “ontological indigence” (p. 76). No longer able to hide behind the various forms of “having” or “being” afforded by corporeity, it must instead “produces the corporeity out of itself” (p. 73) in a moment of “total self-encounter” СКАЧАТЬ