Find a Better Job. Michael Dolan

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СКАЧАТЬ is no scientific formula for selecting a career. Work is a balancing act of costs and benefits. Having a good job will not lead to a regarding career if you are not pleased with the work you do. For example, a creative person who likes computers but dislikes mathematics probably should not choose the computer-engineering field simply for its fast job growth and high salaries. Such a person might be better suited to a career in graphic arts, a field that also uses computers but has less emphasis on math.

      Of course, making a poor career choice does not necessarily mean spending the rest of your working life in a job you hate. Many people change careers because of external factors, such as changes in technology or business practices, or because of personal reasons, such as new interest in a different field. But self-assessment exercises may help prevent the time-consuming chore of switching careers. These exercises help you identify your personal interests, skills, talents, and abilities. Along with knowledge of specific occupational requirements, self-assessment exercises are a valuable tool in the career decision-making process.

      Using the following information, you can match your personal characteristics and preferences with occupations that suit you best. This information cannot find you a particular job, but it can provide you with better occupational choices that might point you toward a fulfilling career.

      There are some skills, abilities, and habits all employees need to bring to a job. Common traits all employers look for include the following:

      Mathematics and English skills. Most jobs require employees to follow directions or add numbers. Employees should have basic skills in reading, writing, and math.

      Communication skills. Almost all jobs require some interaction among workers. Employees must be able to exchange information with their peers and supervisors.

      Consideration and respect. Employees should display professionalism and courtesy in dealing with their supervisors and coworkers. Employers are more likely to promote those who can work as part of a team and get along well with others.

      Willingness to learn and an open mind. Employers hire workers who can accomplish tasks efficiently. Employees should strive to improve existing methods and be willing to learn new techniques and procedures.

      Sources of Additional Information

      While this chapter provides valuable information for choosing a career, it is only a starting point for further research. After you narrow your career search, gather as much information as possible about the occupations that interest you. The following sources have additional information.

      Libraries. Public libraries have a wealth of information on careers and career planning, including books, periodicals, and, in some, online information about industries and employment opportunities.

      State employment service offices. These offices provide career guidance and listings of job vacancies in your area. In some places, Federally funded one-stop career centers, administered by State and local governments provide the State employment service and offer an even broader variety of services to help people find jobs.

      School and college career centers. Advisors at colleges and university career centers give career advice, help with resume preparation, and suggest job search techniques. These services are available to enrolled students and recent graduates. Some centers also maintain listings of current job openings and may help arrange interviews with prospective employers.

      Trade unions. Many work with employers in administering training programs and recruiting candidates for jobs. These unions also provide information on employment, salary, and certification requirements for their respective occupations.

      Current and former employees. Network with friends and family. You may be able to meet with someone working in an occupation that interests you. Current and former workers can provide insight about the practical aspects of working in a particular occupation.

      The Internet. The Internet makes available information about industries, occupations, and companies. In addition, colleges and universities maintain Web sites with information on courses and programs they offer.

      Professional associations. Associations represent various industries and occupations. Many of them also provide information on employment, training, earnings, and certification requirements for specific occupations.

      The Occupational Outlook Handbook. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the Handbook every 2 years. It provides information on the nature of work, working conditions, training, salaries, and job outlook for about 250 occupations. This and other BLS publications are usually available in libraries, career centers, and offices of school and employment counselors.

      Matching Personal and Job Characteristics

      People who feel successful in their careers enjoy their work. Prospective employers usually have an idea of what they are looking for in a worker, and new workers bring with them certain expectations of a job. Working in an occupation that focuses on your strengths will help you get the most out of your abilities. By matching your interests to occupational requirements, you increase the chances of doing work that suits you.

      The first step in planning a career is to do self-assessment. Think about your strong and weak skills relevant to careers that interest you. Research the industries and occupations you find interesting, focusing on those that would allow you to use your strongest skills. Also consider how much post-secondary education you will need for a particular career. Assess your goals for salary and professional job growth.

      The next step is to learn about the occupations that interest you. You should begin by looking at the educational requirements. Check to see if the skills and abilities required match the ones you already have. Explore related occupations. You might have narrowed your job choices, but you also may have added a few. Now it's time to continue researching the occupations that interest you.

      Because the table provides an overview of almost 250 occupations, certain characteristics are generalized. Skill requirements and work characteristics are generalized. Skill requirements and work characteristics are based on the norm for a large proportion of workers in an occupation. Job specialization in the same occupation may require different levels of skill and education. For example, an elementary school English teacher needs a lower level of mathematical proficiency than a high school calculus teacher does. Although Kindergarten, elementary, and secondary school teachers are grouped together, all teachers are listed as requiring only basic math skills since the majority of teachers do not need such a high level of math proficiency.

      Finally, while the number of expected job openings indicates potential employment opportunities, competition depends on the number of workers applying for a particular job. Some jobs with significant growth have more workers than openings, leading to greater possibilities for job competition and unemployment.

      Classifying the Occupations

      This section classifies occupations according to 22 characteristics. The characteristics are organized into four groups: personal skills and abilities, work characteristics, occupational characteristics, and education and training requirements.

      Occupations included in the explanations that follow are illustrative only. Use the table to identify other occupations that meet specific criteria.

      Personal Skills and Abilities

      The first eight criteria classify occupations in terms of personal skills and abilities СКАЧАТЬ