Making Classroom Assessments Reliable and Valid. Robert J. Marzano

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ

       Summary

       Chapter 2

       DESIGNING AND SCORING PARALLEL ASSESSMENTS

       Traditional Tests

       Designing Selected-Response Items

       Designing Short Constructed-Response Items

       Scoring Assessments That Use Selected-Response and Short Constructed-Response Items

       Essays

       Performance Tasks, Demonstrations, and Presentations

       Portfolios

       Probing Discussions

       Student Self-Assessments

       Assessments That Cover One Level of a Proficiency Scale

       Voting Techniques

       Observations

       Student-Generated Assessments

       The Complete Measurement Process

       Assessment Planning

       Differentiated Assessments

       Summary

       Chapter 3

       DISCUSSING THE CA PARADIGM FOR RELIABILITY

       Discussing the Traditional View of Reliability

       Foundations of the Traditional Concept of Reliability

       The Concept of Error Score

       The Concept of True Score

       The Correlation Coefficient and the Reliability Coefficient

       The Conceptual Formula for Reliability

       The Reliability Determination Using a Single Test

       The Achilles Heel of the Reliability Coefficient

       Estimating True Scores Using Mathematical Models

       The Linear Trend Line

       The Curvilinear Trend Line

       The Average Trend Line

       Model Reconciliation

       Model of Best Fit

       Using Technology

       Discussing the Implications for Formative and Summative Scores

       Using Instructional Feedback

       Employing the Method of Mounting Evidence

       Considering the Issue of Scales

       Proficiency Scales as Inherently Ordinal

       Proficiency Scales That Are Internally Consistent

       The Strong Statistics Theory

       Summary

       Chapter 4

       MEASURING GROWTH FOR GROUPS OF STUDENTS

       Measuring Growth

       Linear Growth Score

       The Curvilinear Growth Score

       The Difference Score

       Reconciling the Three Reliabilities

       Using Technology to Help Teachers

       Summary

       Chapter 5

       TRANSFORMING THE SYSTEM USING THE NEW CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT PARADIGMS

       Transforming Report Cards

       Weighted and Unweighted Averages

       The Median and the Mode

       The Conjunctive Approach

       A Supplemental Measurement Topic

       The Practice of Allowing Students to Increase Their Scores

       Transforming Teacher Evaluations

       Summary

       Appendix

       TECHNICAL NOTES

       Technical Note I.1: Confidence Intervals

       Technical Note 3.1: Linear Trend Line

       Technical Note 3.2: Curvilinear Trend Line

       Technical Note 3.3: Trend Line for the Average

       Technical Note 3.4: The Method of Mounting Evidence

       Technical Note 4.1: Reliability of Linear Growth Scores

       Technical Note 4.2: Reliability of Curvilinear Growth Scores

       Technical Note 4.3: Reliability of Difference Scores

       References and Resources

       Index

      About СКАЧАТЬ