Tuttle Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary. Phan Van Giuong

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СКАЧАТЬ Guide to Vietnamese Pronunciation

      Like Chinese and Thai, Vietnamese is a tonal language where no word is conjugated. The Vietnamese alphabet has 29 letters:

      a, aê, aâ, b, c, d, ñ, e, eâ, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, oâ, ô, p, q, r, s, t, u, ö, v, x, y.

      The Vietnamese consonants are written as single letters or a cluster of two or three letters, as follows:

      b, c, ch, d, ñ, g, gh, gi, h, k, kh, l, m, n, ng, ngh, nh, p, ph, qu, r, s, t, th, tr, v, x.

      The vowels in Vietnamese are the following: a, aê, aâ, e, eâ, i/y, o, oâ, ô, u, ö. Vowels can also be grouped together to form a cluster or a word.

      The following charts show the vowels and consonants in Vietnamese pronunciation with their English equivalents.

      Vowels

Vietnamese	English	Example	Meaning
a	father	ba	three
aê	hat	aê	to eat
aâ	but	aâm	sound
e	bet	em	younger brother/sister
eâ	may	ñeâ m	night
i/y	me	kim	needle
o	law	lo	to worry
oâ	no	coâ	aunt
ô	fur	bô	butter
u	too	ngu	stupid
ö	wh-wh	thö	letter

      Consonants

Vietnamese	English	Example	Meaning
b	book	buù t	pen
c, k, q	can	caù	fish
		kem	ice-cream
		quyù	precious
ch	chore	cho	to give
d, gi	zero	da	skin
		gì	what
ñ	do	ñi	to go
g/gh	go	ga	railway station
		ghe	boat
h	hat	hai	two
kh	(no real English equivalent)	khoâng	no
l	lot	laø	to do
m	me; him	mai	tomorrow
n	not; in	nam	south
ng/ngh	singer	ngon	delicious
		nghe	to hear
nh	canyon	nho	grape
ph	phone	phaûi	right
r	run	ra	to go out
s	show	söõa	milk
t	top	toát	good
th	thin	thaêm	to visit
tr	entry	treân	on/ above
v	very	vaø	and
x	see	xa	far

      Tones

      The standard Vietnamese language has six tones. Each tone is a meaningful and integral part of the syllable. Every syllable must have a tone. The tones are indicated in conventional Vietnamese spelling by diacritic marks placed over (aù, aø, aû, aõ) or under (aï) single vowels or the vowel in a cluster that bears the main stress (v).

Vietnamese	Tone mark	Description	Example	Meaning
Khoâ ng daáu (no)	o	Voice starts at middle of normal speaking range and remains at that level	maø	ghost
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