The Voyage of the Beagle - The Original Classic Edition. Darwin Charles

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СКАЧАТЬ The sea black and boiling--Direction of the vibrations--

       Stones twisted round--Great Wave--Permanent Elevation of the land--Area of volcanic phenomena--The connection between the elevatory and eruptive forces--Cause of earthquakes--Slow elevation of mountain-chains.

       CHAPTER XV.

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       Valparaiso--Portillo Pass--Sagacity of mules--

       Mountain-torrents--Mines, how discovered--Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cordillera--Effect of snow on rocks-- Geological structure of the two main ranges, their distinct origin and upheaval--Great subsidence--Red snow--Winds-- Pinnacles of snow--Dry and clear atmosphere--Electricity-- Pampas--Zoology of the opposite sides of the Andes--Locusts

       --Great Bugs--Mendoza--Uspallata Pass--Silicified trees

       buried as they grew--Incas Bridge--Badness of the passes

       exaggerated--Cumbre--Casuchas--Valparaiso.

       CHAPTER XVI.

       Coast-road to Coquimbo--Great loads carried by the miners-- Coquimbo--Earthquake--Step-formed terraces--Absence of

       recent deposits--Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary formations

       --Excursion up the valley--Road to Guasco--Deserts--Valley of CopiapA3--Rain and Earthquakes--Hydrophobia--The Despoblado--Indian ruins--Probable change of climate--

       River-bed arched by an earthquake--Cold gales of wind--Noises from a hill--Iquique--Salt alluvium--Nitrate of soda--

       Lima--Unhealthy country--Ruins of Callao, overthrown by an earthquake--Recent subsidence--Elevated shells on San

       Lorenzo, their decomposition--Plain with embedded shells and

       fragments of pottery--Antiquity of the Indian Race.

       CHAPTER XVII.

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       Galapagos Archipelago--The whole group volcanic--Number of

       craters--Leafless bushes--Colony at Charles Island--James Island--Salt-lake in crater--Natural history of the group-- Ornithology, curious finches--Reptiles--Great tortoises, habits of--Marine lizard, feeds on seaweed--Terrestrial

       lizard, burrowing habits, herbivorous--Importance of reptiles in the Archipelago--Fish, shells, insects--Botany--American type of organisation--Differences in the species or races on different islands--Tameness of the birds--Fear of man an acquired instinct.

       CHAPTER XVIII.

       Pass through the Low Archipelago--Tahiti--Aspect--

       Vegetation on the mountains--View of Eimeo--Excursion into the interior--Profound ravines--Succession of waterfalls-- Number of wild useful plants--Temperance of the inhabitants-- Their moral state--Parliament convened--New Zealand--Bay of Islands--Hippahs--Excursion to Waimate--Missionary establishment--English weeds now run wild--Waiomio--Funeral of a New Zealand woman--Sail for Australia.

       CHAPTER XIX.

       Sydney--Excursion to Bathurst--Aspect of the woods--Party of natives--Gradual extinction of the aborigines--Infection

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       generated by associated men in health--Blue Mountains--View of the grand gulf-like valleys--Their origin and formation-- Bathurst, general civility of the lower orders--State of

       Society--Van Diemen's Land--Hobart Town--Aborigines all banished--Mount Wellington--King George's Sound--Cheerless aspect of the country--Bald Head, calcareous casts of branches of trees--Party of natives--Leave Australia.

       CHAPTER XX.

       Keeling Island--Singular appearance--Scanty Flora-- Transport of seeds--Birds and insects--Ebbing and flowing springs--Fields of dead coral--Stones transported in the roots of trees--Great crab--Stinging corals--Coral-eating fish--Coral formations--Lagoon islands or atolls--Depth at which reef-building corals can live--Vast areas interspersed with low coral islands--Subsidence of their foundations-- Barrier-reefs--Fringing-reefs--Conversion of fringing-reefs into barrier-reefs, and into atolls--Evidence of changes in level--Breaches in barrier-reefs--Maldiva atolls, their

       peculiar structure--Dead and submerged reefs--Areas of subsidence and elevation--Distribution of volcanoes-- Subsidence slow and vast in amount.

       CHAPTER XXI.

       Mauritius, beautiful appearance of--Great crateriform ring of

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       mountains--Hindoos--St. Helena--History of the changes in the vegetation--Cause of the extinction of land-shells-- Ascension--Variation in the imported rats--Volcanic bombs--

       Beds of infusoria--Bahia, Brazil--Splendour of tropical

       scenery--Pernambuco--Singular reefs--Slavery--Return to

       England--Retrospect on our voyage.

       INDEX.

       .....

       LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

       FRONTISPIECE. H.M.S. "BEAGLE" IN STRAITS OF MAGELLAN. MT. SARMIENTO IN THE DISTANCE.

       PLATE 1. H.M.S. "BEAGLE" UNDER FULL SAIL, VIEW FROM ASTERN.

       PLATE 2. H.M.S. "BEAGLE": MIDDLE SECTION FORE AND AFT, UPPER DECK, 1832.

       PLATE 3. FERNANDO NORONHA.

       PLATE 4. INCRUSTATION OF SHELLY SAND.

       PLATE 5. DIODON MACULATUS (Distended and Contracted).

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       PLATE 6. PELAGIC CONFERVAE.

       PLATE 7. CATAMARAN (BAHIA).

       PLATE 8. BOTOFOGO BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO. PLATE 9. VAMPIRE BAT (Desmodus D'Orbigny). PLATE 10. VIRGIN FOREST.

       PLATE 11. CABBAGE PALM.

       PLATE 12. MANDIOCA OR CASSAVA.

       PLATE 13. RIO DE JANEIRO.

       PLATE 14. DARWIN'S PAPILIO FERONIA, 1833, NOW CALLED AGERONIA FERONIA, 1889.

       PLATE 15. HYDROCHAERUS CAPYBARA OR WATER-HOG.

       PLATE 16. RECADO OR SURCINGLE OF GAUCHO. PLATE 17. HALT AT A PULPERIA ON THE PAMPAS. PLATE 18. EL CARMEN, OR PATAGONES, RIO NEGRO. PLATE 19. BRAZILIAN WHIPS, HOBBLES, AND SPURS.

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       PLATE 20. BRINGING IN A PRISONER.

       PLATE 21. IRREGULAR TROOPS.

       PLATE 22. SKINNING UJI OR WATER SERPENTS. PLATE 23. RHEA DARWINII (Avestruz Petise). PLATE 24. LANDING AT BUENOS AYRES.

       PLATE 25. MATA POTS AND BAMBILLIO.

       PLATE 26. GIANT THISTLE OF PAMPAS.

       PLATE 27. CYNARA CARDUNCULUS OR CARDOON.

       PLATE 28. EVENING CAMP, BUENOS AYRES.

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