The Teenage Brain: A neuroscientist’s survival guide to raising adolescents and young adults. Frances Jensen E.

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СКАЧАТЬ at all, you are building new synapses as you read. Only minutes after you learn a new thing, your synapses start to grow bigger. In a few hours they are virtually cemented into a stronger form.

      John Eccles, who would go on to win a Nobel Prize for his early work in the study of synapses, was perplexed by how much stimulation was needed to produce a synaptic change. “Perhaps the most unsatisfactory feature of the attempt to explain the phenomena of learning,” he wrote, “is that long periods of excess use or disuse are required in order to produce detectable synaptic change.” What Eccles failed to realize is that the repetitions he observed so frustratingly—those “long periods of excess use”—were the brain at work, learning and acquiring knowledge. After repeated stimulation, a brain cell will respond much more strongly to a stimulus than it initially did. Hence, the brain circuit “learns.” And the more ingrained the knowledge, the easier it is to recall and use. As when skiers race through a slalom course, the quickest route down becomes worn by use. Ruts develop. By the time the last competitors race through the gates, the route is so deeply entrenched in the snow that they can’t ski out of it, nor do they need or want to. The deeply imprinted line, in fact, guides them down without their having to search for it.

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