by the haired toes, they being perfectly naked in atricapilla. The latter species is found as far northward as Mirador.
26
Scops semitorques, Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, t. 8. For the privilege of comparing specimens of this bird with S. kennicotti, I am indebted to the courtesy of the officers of the New York Museum, who kindly sent the fine specimens of that museum for examination.
27
Bubo virginianus, var. magellanicus. Strix (δ) bubo magellanicus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1789, p. 286.—Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 210.—Less. Voy. Coq. I, 617; Isis, 1833, 76. Asio mag. Less. Man. Orn. I. p. 116, 1828. Bubo mag. Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus. 1844, p. 46. Strix nacuruta, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. VII, 44, 1816; Enc. Méth. III, 1281, 1823. Strix crassirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. VII, 44 (1817); Enc. Méth. III, 1280. Otus crass. Gray, Gen. B. fol. sp. 6 (1844); List Birds Brit. Mus. p. 106. Bubo crass. Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 48 (1850).—Kaup, Monog. Strig. Cont. Orn. 1852, 116 (under B. virginianus). Asio crass. Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 208, 1855. Strix macrorhyncha, Temm. Pl. Col. 62, 1820. Otus ? macr. Steph. Zoöl. XIII, pt. ii, p. 59. Otus macr. Cuv. Règ. An. (ed. 2), I, 341.—Less. Tr. Orn. p. 109. Asio macr. Less. Man. Orn. I, 117.
28
Bubo mexicanus (Gmel.) Ridgw. Asio mexicanus, Briss. Orn. I, 498, 1760.—Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 208, 1855 (excl. syn.). Strix mexicana, Gmel. S. N. p. 288, 1789.—Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 54; Syn. I, 123; Gen. Hist. I, 314, A.—Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 214.—Shaw, Zoöl. VII, 228.—Otus mexicanus, Steph. Zoöl. XIII, pt. ii, p. 57.—Bubo clamator, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pl. xx, 1807. Scops cl. Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus. 1844, p. 45. Strix clamata, Vieill. Enc. Méth. III, 1279, 1823. Strix longirostris, Spix, Av. Bras. pl. 9 a, 1824. Strix maculata, Max. Beitr. III, 281, 1830. Hab. Middle and South America generally. A very distinct species, and a typical Bubo, although usually referred to the genus Otus.
29
Nyctea scandiaca, var. nivea (see p. 000). Strix scandiaca, Linn. S. N. (12th ed.) I, 132 (1766). Nyctea scandiaca, Yawell, Hist. Brit. B. 1872, 187. Strix nyctea, Linn. S. N. I, 1766, 132. Strix nivea, Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 1800. Nyctea nivea, Gray, Gen. fol. sp. 1, pl. xii, f. 2.
30
No. 559, collection of R. Ridgway (♂, Mt. Carmel, Wabash County, Southern Illinois, October 14, 1869). 22½–54. Weight, 3½ lbs.; bill black; iris gamboge-yellow; toes ashy; claws horn-color, black at ends.
31
Surnia ulula, var. ulula. Strix ulula, Linn. S. N. I, 1766, 133. Surnia ulula, Bonap. Cat. 1838, 22.
32
Glaucidium passerinum, var. passerinum. Strix passerina, Linn. I, 133, 1766. Glaucidium passerinum, Boie, Isis, 1826, 976.—Sharpe & Dresser, Birds Europe, II, April, 1871. Surnia passerina, Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Europ. 32, 1840. Microptynx passerina, Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1852, 107. Noctua passerina, Schleg. Mus. Pays-Bas. Striges, p. 41, 1862. Strix pusilla, Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 205, 1800. Strix pygmæa, Bechst. Nat. Deutschl. IV, 978, t. xxiv, 1805. Strix acadica, Temm. Man. d’Orn. I, p. 96, 1820 (nec Gmel.).
33
Glaucidium infuscatum, var. infuscatum. Strix infuscata, Temm. Ind. Général, 1821. Athene i., Bonap. Consp. 37, 1850 (excl. syn.). Glaucidium i., Kaup, Cont. Orn. 1852, 103. ? Strix eluta, Illig. in Mus. Berl. Cab. Azar. No. 49. Strix passerinoides, Temm. Pl. Col. 344. Surnia p., Bonap. Os. Cuv. Règ. An. I, 57. Noctua p., Less. Man. & Tr. Orn.
34
Glaucidium infuscatum, var. gnoma. Glaucidium gnoma, Wagl. Isis, 1832, 275.—Kaup, Monog. Strigidæ, in Contr. to Orn. 1852, 103 (under G. infuscatum).—Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 163, 1855 (under G. infuscatum). Athene gnoma, Gray, Gen. Birds, fol. sp. 35, 1844. Hab. Whole of Middle America, from Panama northward to the Rio Grande and Mazatlan. Probably yet to be found in Texas or New Mexico.
35
Gray, in his “Hand List,” gives in addition S. fusca, Vieill., a West Indian (“Antilles”) species, which proves to be not congeneric with S. cunicularia, and also S. domingensis (Gm.) Müll., which I cannot identify as one of the races of S. cunicularia.
36
Speotyto cunicularia, var. grallaria?? Strix grallaria, Spix, Av. Braz. I, 21, 1824.—? Tem. Pl. Col. 146. I am by no means satisfied that this form is the true grallaria, but it seems to come nearer to it than any other described. Three specimens (two from Peru, in the National Museum, and one, without label, in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History) have been examined, and agree in the characters diagnosed above.
37
Speotyto cunicularia, var. cunicularia. Strix cunicularia, Molina, St. Chil. 1782, 343. Gmel. S. N. 292, sp. 28,—and of other authors referring to the South American bird.
38
Speotyto cunicularia, var. guadeloupensis, Ridgway. This bird is merely a very dark local form of the common species, though it differs very appreciably in the sharper definition, greater extent, and more intense tint of the brown markings of its plumage.
39
We give, above, three well-marked illustrations of asymmetry: two relating to the auditory apparatus of the two sides of the head, and one of opposite sides of the skull.
40
As in the case of the Strigidæ, my determinations of the North American species of Falconidæ were furnished, according to request, to Dr. Coues, for use in his “Key to North American Birds.” (R. R.)
41
By this is meant that they are all of equal length and thickness, and not progressively smaller from the posterior one to the outer, as in all Falconidæ with the sole exception of Pandion, though there is a very near approach to this feature in one or two of the species of Haliætus.
42
As in all the Strigidæ.
43
Embracing besides the Falcones all the Polyborine genera, besides Herpetotheres and Micrastur.
44
As in the Polyborine forms of the Falconinæ.
45
Extremes of sixty specimens.
46
Sometimes there are more or less distinct linear streaks on the head and neck, or on the pectoral region.
47
Sometimes the irregular markings above have a transverse tendency.
48
Falco gyrfalco, var. gyrfalco (Linn.). Falco gyrfalco, Linn. S. N. 1766, p. 130.—Gmel. S. N. 275.—Schleg. Rev. Crit. II, Tr. de Fauc. pl. iii; F. van Nederl. Vog. pls. iii and iv.—Naum. Vog. pl. cccxci. Hierofalco gyrfalco, Schleg. Bonap. Rev. Zool. 1854, 535.—Newton, Oötheca Wolleyana, I, 87, pl. c. F.
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