The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 1. Robert Vane Russell

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3

Dr. Wilson’s Indian Caste (Times Press and Messrs. Blackwood), 1875, p. 88, quoting from Rig-Veda.

4

Rig-Veda, i. 11. Wilson, ibidem, p. 94.

5

Wilson, ibidem, p. 99.

6

Manu, ii. 17, 24.

7

Barbarians or foreigners.

8

See Burnett and Hopkins, Ordinances of Manu, s.v.

9

Wilson, Indian Caste, p. 170, quoting Weber, Indische Studien, i. 170.

10

A collection of rules for sacrifices and other rites, coming between the Vedas and the law-books, and dated by Max Müller between 600–200 B.C.

11

Wilson, Indian Caste, p. 182.

12

Wilson, p. 184, quoting from Shrauta-sūtra of Kātyayana, 1. 1. 6.

13

Manu, iv. 99; iii. 178.

14

Wilson, pp. 421, 422.

15

Wilson, p. 187, quoting from Hiranyakeshi Sūtra.

16

See article Mehtar in text.

17

Wilson, p. 363, quoting from Smriti of Angira.

18

Wilson, Indian Caste, p. 195, from Hiranyakeshi Sūtra.

19

Manu, viii. 417.

20

Wilson, p. 260, quoting Mahābhārata, viii. 1367 et seq.

21

Wilson, p. 403, quoting from Vyavahāra Mayūkha.

22

Wilson, p. 400, from Parāshara Smriti.

23

Wilson, p. 140, quoting from Atharva Veda, iv. 32. 1.

24

Wilson, p. 211.

25

Wilson, Indian Caste, referring to Ptolemy, vii. 1. 61 and vi. 120. 3.

26

Wilson, pp. 113, 114.

27

See for the impure castes para. 40 post.

28

The word “aboriginal” is used here for convenience and not as conveying any assertion as to the origin of the pre-Aryan population.

29

Bombay Gazetteer, Pārsis of Gujarāt, p. 213.

30

Rig-Veda, 6. 3. 16, quoted by Wilson, Indian Caste, p. 110.

31

Wilson, p. 109.

32

Monier-Williams, Sanskrit Dictionary, pointed out by Mr. Crooke.

33

Quoted by Wilson, p. 209. It would seem probable, however, that the Vaishyas must themselves have formed the rank and file of the fighting force, at least in the early period.

34

Manu, i. 90.

35

Wilson, Indian Caste, p. 193, quoting from Hiranyakeshi Sūtra.

36

Wilson, p. 260, quoting Mahābhārata, viii. 1367 et seq.

37

Mahābhārata, xii. 2749 et seq.

38

List of classes of Indian society given in the Purusha-Medha of the White Yajur-Veda, Wilson, pp. 126–135.

39

Manu, viii. 113.

40

Hopkin’s and Burnett’s Code of Manu, x. 64, 65, and footnotes.

41

Mahābhārata, xiii. 2510 et. seq., quoted by Wilson, p. 272.

42

Manu, ix. 149, 157.

43

Manu indeed declares that such children could not be initiated (x. 68), but it is clear that they must, as a matter of fact, have been capable of initiation or they could not possibly have been married in the father’s caste.

44

See article on Brāhman for some further details.

45

Wilson, Indian Caste, i. 440, quoting Brahma Vaivarrta Purāna.

46

See article Bhāt for further discussion of this point.

47

Dolichos uniflorus.

48

See article Jāt for a more detailed discussion of their status.

49

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Khandait.

50

Proprietors of large landed estates.

51

See article on Kunbi, para. 1.

52

Village Communities, p. 127.

53

History of the Marāthas, vol. i. p. 25.

54

Village Communities, pp. 226, 227.

55

The Aryan Household, ed. 1891, p. 190.

56

Ibidem, p. 228. Professor Hearn followed Sir Henry Maine in thinking that the clan was an expansion of the patriarchal joint family; but the reasons against this view are given subsequently.

57

Memoir of Central India, vol. ii. p. 22.

58

La Cité antique, 21st ed. pp. 66, 68.

59

La Cité antique, 21 st ed. pp. 66, 68.

60

Nigeria, quoted in Saturday Review, 6th April 1912.

61

Religion of the Semites, p. 96.

62

See article Sunār for a discussion of the sanctity of gold and silver, and the ornaments made from them.

63

Michelia champaka, a variety of the jack or bread-fruit tree.

64

See article Darzi for further discussion of the use of sewn clothes in India.

65

See articles on Bhulia, Panka, Kori and Julāha.

66

Traill’s Account of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches, vol. xvi. (1828) p. 213.

67

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Bāri.

68

Pointed out by Mr. Crooke.

69

The Marāthi name for the god Hanumān.

70

Linguistic Survey, vol. iv., Munda and Dravidian Languages, p. 7.

71

Acacia catechu.

72

See article on Gond.

73

Linguistic Survey, p. 15.

74

Introduction to The Mundas and their Country, p. 9.

75

Linguistic Survey, p. 277.

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