Folk-lore of Shakespeare. Dyer Thomas Firminger Thiselton

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95

Napier’s “Folk-Lore of West of Scotland,” 1879, p. 141.

96

Quoted in Southey’s “Commonplace Book,” 1849, 2d series, p. 462.

97

See Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” 1871, vol. i. pp. 261, 296, 297, 321.

98

In “3 Henry VI.” (ii. 1), Edward says:

“henceforward will I bear

Upon my target three fair shining suns.”

99

“Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 283.

100

Ray gives the Latin equivalent “Ab equis ad asinos.”

101

Baring-Gould’s “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,” 1877, p. 190.

102

Cf. “Love’s Labour’s Lost” (v. 2): “Yet still she is the moon, and I the man.”

103

Fiske, “Myths and Mythmakers,” 1873, p. 27.

104

“Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,” 1877, p. 197.

105

Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 10.

106

For further information on this subject, see Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” 1873, vol. i. pp. 288, 354-356; vol. ii. pp. 70, 202, 203.

107

See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” vol. iii. pp. 142, 143.

108

See “English Folk-lore,” pp. 43, 44.

109

“Primitive Culture,” 1873, vol. i. pp. 354, 355.

110

The words “moonish” (“As You Like It,” iii. 2) and “moonlike” (“Love’s Labour’s Lost,” iv. 3) are used in the sense of inconstant.

111

See Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 18.

112

Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” vol. i. p. 329.

113

“Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 16.

114

See Scot’s “Discovery of Witchcraft,” 1584, pp. 174, 226, 227, 250.

115

For further examples, see Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” p. 17.

116

See Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 116.

117

See Swainson’s “Weather-Lore,” 1873, pp. 182-192.

118

See Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” 1873, vol. i. p. 130; “English Folk-Lore,” 1878, pp. 41, 42.

119

See Swainson’s “Weather-Lore,” pp. 182, 183.

120

See Williams’s “Superstitions of Witchcraft,” pp. 123-125; Scot’s “Discovery of Witchcraft,” bk. iv. p. 145.

121

“Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 405.

122

Nares’s “Glossary,” 1872, vol. ii. p. 580.

123

“Primitive Culture,” vol. i. p. 131.

124

Cf. “Richard III.” (iv. 4); “1 Henry IV.” (i. 1, iii. 1); “Antony and Cleopatra” (iii. 13); “The Tempest” (i. 2); “Hamlet” (i. 4); “Cymbeline” (v. 4); “Winter’s Tale” (iii. 2); “Richard II.” (iv. 1).

125

“Primitive Culture,” vol. i. p. 131; see Brand’s “Popular Antiquities,” 1849, vol. iii. pp. 341-348.

126

“Walton’s Lives,” 1796, p. 113, note.

127

Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 397.

128

Ibid. p. 3.

129

See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 400.

130

Purchas, “His Pilgrimes” (1625, pt. i. lib. iii. p. 133), quoted by Mr. Aldis Wright in his “Notes to The Tempest,” 1875, p. 86.

131

See Puck as Will-o’-the-Wisp; chapter on “Fairy-Lore.”

132

See “Notes and Queries,” 5th series, vol. x. p. 499; Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 410; Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 309.

133

A “fire-drake” appears to have been also an artificial firework, perhaps what is now called a serpent. Thus, in Middleton’s “Your Five Gallants” (1607):

“But, like fire-drakes, Mounted a little, gave a crack and fell.”

134

“New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakespeare,” vol. ii. p. 272.

135

See Thoms’s “Notelets on Shakespeare,” p. 59.

136

“Fairy Mythology,” edited by Hazlitt, 1875, p. 40.

137

Among the many other names given to this appearance may be mentioned the following: “Will-a-wisp,” “Joan-in-the-wad,” “Jacket-a-wad,” “Peg-a-lantern,” “Elf-fire,” etc. A correspondent of “Notes and Queries” (5th series, vol. x. p. 499) says: “The wandering meteor of the moss or fell appears to have been personified as Jack, Gill, Joan, Will, or Robin, indifferently, according as the supposed spirit of the lamp seemed to the particular rustic mind to be a male or female apparition.” In Worcestershire it is called “Hob-and-his-lanthorn,” and “Hobany’s” or “Hobnedy’s Lanthorn.”

138

Mr. Ritson says that Milton “is frequently content to pilfer a happy expression from Shakespeare – on this occasion, ‘night-wanderer.’” He elsewhere calls it “the friar’s lantern.”

139

Thorpe, “Northern Mythology,” 1852, vol. iii. pp. 85, 158, 220.

140

“Notelets on Shakespeare,” pp. 64, 65.

141

Ibid.

142

See Proctor’s “Myths of Astronomy;” Chambers’s “Domestic Annals of Scotland,” 1858, vol. ii. pp. 410-412; Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” pp. 364, 365.

143

See Patterson’s “Insects Mentioned by Shakespeare,” 1841, p. 145.

144

“Letters,” vol. i. p. 310; vol. vi. pp. 1, 187. – Ed. Cunningham.

145

Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 369.

146

See Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” vol. i. pp. 364-367.

147

See Swainson’s “Weather-Lore.”

148

Batman upon Bartholomæus – “De Proprietatibus Rerum,” lib. xi. c. 3.

149

Polwhele’s “Cornish Vocabulary.”

150

Cf. “Macbeth,” iii. 4, “O, these flaws and starts.”

151

See Harland and Wilkinson’s “Lancashire Folk-Lore,” 1867, pp. 116-121; “Notes and Queries,” 1st series, vol. viii. p. 224; “Penny Cyclopædia,” vol. vii. p. 206, article “Cirripeda.”

152

Nares’s “Glossary,” 1872, vol. i. p. 56.

153

See Harting’s “Ornithology of Shakespeare,” 1871, pp. 246-257.

154

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