Название: Social Origins and Primal Law
Автор: Lang Andrew
Издательство: Public Domain
Жанр: Зарубежная классика
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Dr. Durkheim regards the present state of Arunta affairs (the totems not being peculiar to either phratry) as une dérogation. Originally, he thinks, as among the Urabunna, each phratry contained only totems which were not in the other phratry; and he detects survivals, among the Arunta, of the earlier usage. At present the Arunta totems show 'a slight tendency to skip' (chevaucher) 'from one into the other phratry, doubtless because the Arunta totem system is no longer complete' – and no wonder, as Arunta totems are now not hereditary, but derived from the totem souls haunting each locality. Again, in Arunta legend, the ancestors 'were divided into companies, the members of which bore the same totem name, and belonged as a rule to the same moiety' ('phratry') 'of the tribe,' as now among the Urabunna, 'who are in a less developed state than the Arunta.' So say Messrs. Spencer and Gillen, and thus Arunta legend points to a past in which Arunta usage was, in this matter, as a rule the same as that of the less developed Urabunna: which I believe it really was.
But we can hardly accept the legends when they fit, and reject them when they do not fit, our theory! I lay no stress on the legends.
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1
Man, Past and Present, Cambridge, 1899, pp. 396, 397.
2
Royal Commentaries, i. 47.
3
The Import of the Totem, Amer. Ass., Detroit, 1897.
4
M. Chaffanjon, Tour du Monde, 1888, lvi. 348.
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M. Chaffanjon,
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Dr. Munro,
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To this point, hostility, I return later.
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Dr. Munro,
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Munro,
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L'Anthropologie, Mars-Avril, 1902. For a brief bibliography of the bull-roarer see Mr. Frazer,
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Ancient Law p. 132.
18
Major Kennedy's portrait of 1750-1760 represents him in Macdonnell tartan. He was an agent of Prince Charles.
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Westermarck,
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Mr. John Mathew declares that 'jealousy is a powerful passion with most aboriginal husbands' in Australia. Messrs. Spencer and Gillen, on the other hand, represent the aboriginal husband as one of the most complacent of his species, jealousy being regarded as 'churlish.' Messrs. Spencer and Gillen are decidedly the better authorities. Mathew,
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The late Major Powell, of the American Bureau of Ethnology, used
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'The Seri Indians,' by W. J. McGee.
25
'Siouan Sociology,'
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I shall call each set indicated by a totem name a 'totem group,' if the members live together; a 'totem kin,' if they are scattered through the tribe.
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Meaning by Exogamy, not a mere tendency to marry out of the group, but a customary law with a religious sanction.
31
Here the unusual case of the Arunta offers an exception to the rule; a point to be discussed later.
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Spencer and Gillen, p. 120.