Название: A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, Volume I (of 2)
Автор: Johann Beckmann
Издательство: Public Domain
Жанр: Зарубежная классика
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Bulletin de la Société d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale, 1826.
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Though it is difficult to produce the copper-glass uniformly coloured, it is easy to obtain streaks and patches of a fine transparent red. For this purpose it is sufficient to fuse together 100 parts of crown-glass with one of oxide of copper, putting a lump of tin into the bottom of the crucible. Metallic iron employed in the same way as the tin throws out a bright scarlet, but perfectly opake.
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“Dr. Lewis states that he once produced a potfull of glass of beautiful colour, yet was never able to succeed a second time, though he took infinite pains, and tried a multitude of experiments with that view.” Commerce of Arts, p. 177.
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[At the recent meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Cambridge (June 1845), M. Splittgerber exhibited specimens of glass into the composition of which gold entered as a chloride. These specimens were white, but upon gently heating them in the flame of a spirit-lamp, they became a deep-red. If again the same reddened glass is exposed to the heat of an oxygen blowpipe, it loses nearly all its colours, a slight pinkiness only remaining.]
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Gattereri Elem. Artis Diplom. 1765, 4to, p. 285.
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It is singular that Pliny denies that the Egyptians used seals, lib. xxiii. c. 1. Herodotus however, and others, prove the contrary; and Moses speaks of the seal-rings of the Egyptians. See Goguet.
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Herodot. lib. ii. c. 38.
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Lucian. in Pseudomant.
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Act. iv. ap. Bin. tom. iii. Concil. part. i. p. 356. Whether the γῆ σημαντρὶς, however, of Herodotus and the πηλὸς of Lucian and of the Byzantine be the same kind of earth, can be determined with as little certainty as whether the
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Orat. in Verrem, iv. c. 9. In the passage referred to, some instead of
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Orat. pro Flacco, c. 16.
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Serv. ad lib. vi. Æneid. p. 1037.
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Lib. xii. c. 43.
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Georg. i. v. 179.
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Creta fossica, qua stercorantur agri. – Varro, i. 7. 8. It appears also that the πηλὸς of the Greeks signified a kind of potters’ earth. Those who do not choose to rely upon our dictionaries, need only to read the ancient Greek writers on husbandry, who speak of ἀῤῥαγεῖ πηλῷ ἀργιλλώδει. See Geopon. x. c. 75. 12, and ix. c. 10. 4.
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I piombi antichi. Roma 1740, 4to, p. 16.
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Heineccius and others think that the
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[Blue wax may now be seen in every wax-chandler’s shop; it is coloured blue by means of indigo.]
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Heineccii Syntagma de Vet. Sigillis, 1719, p. 55.
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Plin. lib. xxii. c. 25.
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Trotz, Not. in Prim. Scribendi Origine, p. 73, 74.
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P. Festi de Verb. Sig. lib. xx. Hesychius calls this cement μεμαλάγμενον κηρόν. – Plin. lib. xxxvi. c. 24.
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Lib. viii. c. 4.
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Nouveau Traité de Diplomatique. Paris, 1759, 4to, iv. p. 33.
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Mémoires conc. l’Histoire d’Auxerre. Par. 1743, ii. p. 517.
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Bibliothèque des Auteurs de Bourgogne, 2 vols. fol. ii. p. 217.
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Histoire Générale des Drogues. Paris, 1735.
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This Rousseau appears also in the History of Cochineal, as he sent to Pomet a paper on that subject, which was contradicted by the well-known Plumier in the Journal des Sçavans for 1694. He is mentioned also by Labat, who says he saw him at Rochelle; but at that time he must have been nearly a hundred years of age.
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Von Murr, in his learned Beschreibung der Merkwürdigkeiten in Nürnberg, Nurnb. 1778, 8vo, p. 702, says that Spanish wax was not invented, or at least not known, before the year 1559. This appears also from a manuscript of the same year, which contains various receipts in the arts and medicine. There are some in it for making the common white sealing-wax green or red.
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See Chronicon Godvicense, p. 102.
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Wecker gives directions also to make an impression with calcined gypsum, and a solution of gum or isinglass. Porta knew that this could be done to greater perfection with amalgam of quicksilver; an art employed even at present.
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Tavernier, in his Travels, says that in Surat lac is melted and formed into sticks like sealing-wax. Compare with this Dapper’s Asia, Nuremberg, 1681, fol. p. 237.
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Bruchstücke betreffend die Pflichten eines Staatsdieners; aus den Handlungen des Raths Dreitz, nebst Bemerkungen vom ältesten Gebrauche des Spanischen Siegelwachses, Frankf. 1785, 4to, p. 86; where the use of these antiquarian researches is illustrated by examples worthy of notice.
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Historische Untersuchungen gesammelt von J. G. Meusel, i. 3, p. 240.
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Original Letters of the Paston Family, temp. Henry VI. i. p. 21, and p. 87 and 92.
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Meusel’s Geschichtforscher. Halle, 8vo, vi. p. 270.
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Ibid. iv. p. 251.
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Aromatum et Simplicium aliquot Historia, Garcia ab Horto auctore. Antverpiæ 1574, 8vo, p. 33.
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Neu Titularbuch, – sambt etlichen hinzugethanen Gehaimnüssen und Künsten, das Lesen und die Schreiberey betreffendt. 4to, 1579, p. 112.
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Archivische Nebenarbeiten und Nachrichten. Halle, 1785, 4to, ii. p. 3.
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Hesiod, Opera et Dies, 421. – It appears that both the mortar and pestle were then made of wood, and that the former was three feet in height; but, to speak the truth, Hesiod does not expressly say that this mortar was for the purpose of pounding corn. The mortar was called ὕπερος, pila; the pestle ὕπερος, or ὕπερον, pistillus or pistillum; to pound, μάσσειν, pinsere, which word, as well as
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Plin. xviii. 10. ii. p. 111. This passage Gesner has endeavoured to explain, in his Index to the Scriptores Rei Rusticæ, p. 59, to which he gives the too-dignified title of Lexicon Rusticum.
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Gellius, СКАЧАТЬ