Greek Sculpture. Edmund von Mach

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СКАЧАТЬ By 1763, Winckelmann became the prefect of antiquities of the Vatican (as Raphael once was). In 1764, he published Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (History of Ancient Art), where he founds the linear-style periodisation of art history. The esthetician Gotthold Ephraim Lessing based much of his ideas of his Laokoön (1766) on Winckelmann’s writing on Greek art.

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Sir Robert Ball (1840–1913): Victorian astronomer.

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Emmanuel Löwy (1857–1938): Austrian archaeologist. Professor of archaeology at the University of Rome (1891–1915) and Vienna (1918–1938), he specialised in ancient Greek painting.

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Eden Musée: Wax Museum in Manhattan, owned originally by Leonard Sutton.

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John Ruskin (1819–1900): Art critic, author of two influential books on artists and architecture. He graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1842, after a trip to Italy in 1840, where he embraced Venetian painting and architecture. His first great writing was Modern Painters (1843–60) originally written to honour Turner’s paintings. Then, he published Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) and The Stones of Venice (1851). Slade Professor of art at Oxford between 1870 and 1879 and again, 1883–84, his later writings are devoted to social reform which consumed him his last years.

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The quotations from Ruskin in this chapter are taken from his Aratra Pentelici, Six Lectures on Sculpture.

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Horatio Greenough (1805–1852): American Neo-classical sculptor. He made a large statue of Georges Washington commissioned by the Congress of the United States in 1832. Not conformed to the American taste, his classical style caused much controversy. This statue is now displayed in the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

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Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558): Italian humanist, physician and scholar. Known for his scientific and philosophical writings, he published two major texts: De causis linguae latinae (1540) and Poetics (1561).

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Sir Charles Eastlake (1793–1865): English painter. Raised to the presidency of the Royal Academy in 1850 he became the Director of the National Gallery in London between 1855 and 1865.

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The uneven ground occurs on the frieze of the Theseion in Alheim, built before the Parthenon. The Parthenon sculptors, therefore, were familiar with it, and consciously rejected it.

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Bronze preponderated over marble, with the exception of temple sculpture, at the rate of four or five to one. Accurate figures at present cannot be obtained. The preponderance, however, of bronze over marble is proved beyond a doubt.

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Edward Robinson (1858–1931): Museum director. Graduated from Harvard in 1879, where he lectured on classical antiquities between 1893 and 1994, again between 1897 and 1902. He was appointed Director of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts between 1902 and 1905 and Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York between 1910 and 1931. His role as Director occurred at a time when conception of museums was changing and his legacy was composed as much of plaster cast as of original classical objects.

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Further development in Century Magazine, 1892; and The Hermes of Praxiteles ami the Venus (ienettix, Experiments in restoring the Colour of Greek Sculpture by f. L. Smith described and explained by Edward Robinson (Boston, 1892).

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The most important have been made on casts in the Albertinum in Dresden under the direction of Professor Treu, who has published the results at various times.

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In the essay quoted above The Hermes of Praxiteles and the Venus Genetrix.