Европа. Борьба за господство. Брендан Симмс
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Название: Европа. Борьба за господство

Автор: Брендан Симмс

Издательство: АСТ

Жанр: История

Серия: Страницы истории (АСТ)

isbn: 978-5-17-095456-8, 978-5-17-100628-0

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ New Monarchy and state formation: Henry VII in European perspective’, Historical Research, 82 (2009), pp. 380–92.

      115

      John Guy, ‘The French king’s council, 1483–1526’, in Ralph A. Griffiths and James Sherborne (eds.), Kings and nobles in the later Middle Ages (Gloucester and New York), pp. 274–87. See also Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Royal French state, especially pp. 54–78.

      116

      Lynch, Spain under the Habsburgs, pp. 50–51, 59, 63–4, 92–3 and 97.

      117

      Quoted in James D. Tracy, The founding of the Dutch Republic. War, finance, and politics in Holland, 1572–1588 (Oxford, 2008), p. 26.

      118

      The Middle Volga peasants are cited in Valerie Kivelson, ‘Muscovite “Citizenship”: rights without freedom’, Journal of Modern History, 74, 3 (2002), pp. 465–89 (citation p. 474). See also Hans-Joachim Torke, Die staatsbed – ingte Gesellschaft im Moskauer Reich. Zar und Zemlja in der altrussischen Herrschaftsverfassung, 1613–1689 (Leiden, 1974).

      119

      George William is cited in Christopher Clark, Iron kingdom. The rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (London, 2006), p. 26.

      120

      A. S. Piccolomini, Secret memoirs of a Renaissance pope. The Commentaries of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, Pius II. An abridgement, trans. Florence A. Gragg and ed. Leona C. Gabel (London, 1988), p. 62. I thank Anastasia Knox for this reference.

      121

      Quoted in Karl Nehring, Matthias Corvinus, Kaiser Friedrich III und das Reich. Zum hunyadisch-habsburgischen Gegensatz im Donauerraum (Munich, 1975), p. 130.

      122

      Gerhard Benecke, Maximilian I 1459–1519. An analytical biography (London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley, 1982), pp. 141–6.

      123

      Peter Schmid, Der gemeine Pfennig von 1495. Vorgeschichte und Entstehung, verfassungsgeschichtliche, politische und nanzielle Bedeu-tung (Göttingen, 1989).

      124

      Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, pp. 67–80 and passim.

      125

      Cited in Branka Magaš, Croatia through history (London, 2008), p. 90. On the initial response of the German Diet to the Ottoman threat see Stephen A. Fischer-Galati, Ottoman imperialism and German Protestantism, 1521–1555 (New York, 1972 repr.), pp. 10–17. I am very grateful to Miss Andrea Fröhlich for sharing her expertise on early sixteenth-century Hungary with me.

      126

      Thomas Nicklas, Um Macht und Einheit des Reiches. Konzeption und Wirklichkeit der Politik bei Lazarus von Schwendi (1522–1583) (Husum, 1995), with quotations on pp. 113–14, 116 and 121.

      127

      Quoted in Weston F. Cook, The hundred years war for Morocco. Gunpowder and the military revolution in the Early Modern Muslim world (Boulder, San Francisco and Oxford, 1994), p. 83.

      128

      Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Columbus (Oxford, 1991), pp. 46 and 153–5.

      129

      Abbas Hamdani, ‘Columbus and the recovery of Jerusalem’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 99, 1 (Jan. – Mar. 1979), pp. 39–48 (p. 43). Реакция турок: Andrew Hess, ‘The evolution of the Ottoman seaborne empire in the age of the oceanic discoveries, 1453–1525’, American Historical Review, 75, 7 (1970), pp. 1892–1919, especially pp. 1894 and 1899 (encirclement), 1905 and 1908 (Indian Ocean).

      130

      Robert Finlay, ‘Crisis and crusade in the Mediterranean: Venice, Portugal, and the Cape Route to India (1498–1509)’, in Robert Finlay, Venice besieged. Politics and diplomacy in the Italian wars 1494–1534 (Aldershot, 2008), pp. 45–90.

      131

      Hugh Thomas, Rivers of gold. The rise of the Spanish Empire (London and New York, 2003), pp. 540–54.

      132

      Patrick Karl O’Brien and Leandro Prados de la Escosura, ‘Balance sheets for the acquisition, retention and loss of European empires overseas’, Itinerario, XXIIII (1999), p. 28 and passim. The quotation is in Lynch, Spain under the Habsburgs, p. 38.

      133

      Hans-Joachim König, ‘Plus ultra – Ein Weltreichs – und Eroberungsprogramm? Amerika und Europa in politischen Vorstellungen im Spanien Karls V’, in Alfred Kohler, Barbara Haider and Christine Ottner (eds.), Karl V 1500–1558. Neue Perspektiven seiner Herrschaft in Europa und Übersee (Vienna, 2002), pp. 197–222, especially pp. 203–4.

      134

      Вопреки мнению: Hugh Thomas, The golden empire. Spain, Charles V and the creation of America (New York, 2011), pp. 362–3, 370–72 and passim (figures for distribution of gold p. 511).

      135

      The English parliamentarians are cited in Thomas Cogswell, The Blessed revolution. English politics and the coming of war, 1621–1624 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 72–3. Rudyerd is cited in J. H. Elliott, The Old World and the New 1492–1650 (Cambridge, 1992) pp. 90–91.

      136

      О важности соперничества за торговлю табаком: homas Cogswell, ‘“In the power of the state”: Mr Anys’s project and the tobacco colonies, 1626–1628’, The English Historical Review, CXX–III, 500 (2008), pp. 35–64.

      137

      Susan Hardman Moore, Pilgrims. New World settlers and the call of home (New Haven and London, 2007).

      138

      О важности Пфальца, протестантстве и христианской Европе: Francis J. Bremer, Puritan crisis. New England and the English Civil Wars, 1630–1670 (New York and London, 1989), pp. 27–32, 36–42, 45–50, 55–60, 63–4, 84–7 and 237–9 (quotations pp. 63 and 137). Perry Miller, The New England mind. From colony to province (Harvard, 1953), p. 25, подчеркивает, СКАЧАТЬ