Краткая история Англии. Саймон Дженкинс
Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Краткая история Англии - Саймон Дженкинс страница 32

Название: Краткая история Англии

Автор: Саймон Дженкинс

Издательство:

Жанр: История

Серия:

isbn: 978-5-389-10390-0

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ главную проблему арифметических исчислений с помощью римских цифр – отсутствие нуля.

      12

      Божий суд – в раннем Средневековье испытание огнем, раскаленным железом или водой (холодной и кипящей).

      13

      В хронике Роберта Глостерского говорится, что 25 мая 1265 г. на скачках, устроенных в Херефордском замке, принц Эдуард убедил своих тюремщиков позволить ему сесть на лошадь и, выиграв гонку, пришпорил коня, крикнув на прощание: «Это был добрый день!»

      14

      Сконский камень, или Камень судьбы, – священная реликвия, блок песчаника весом 152 килограмма, на котором были коронованы 34 короля Шотландии.

      15

      Перевод И. Кашкина.

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 СКАЧАТЬ