Who set Hitler against Stalin?. Nikolay Starikov

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      No one had ever talked to the winners in World War I that boldly. Besides, while Western delegations were discussing incredible Bolsheviks’ demands, the Soviet delegations managed an extremely important diplomatic step. On April 16, 1922 a termless agreement between RSFSR and Germany was signed in Rapallo, the Genoa suburb. Parties mutually gave up their claims in regard to reimbursement of military expenses and non-military losses; moreover, Germany acknowledged nationalization of the German state and private property in the RSFSR! This Agreement was signed in secret, at night, and diplomatic officials of other Western delegations learnt about it only after it had been signed[78].

      That was too much! Actually, Lenin’s Russia managed to trick both the British and the French. Naturally, the Genoa conference ended in nothing. Right after it another attempt to make Bolsheviks surrender Russia to the West failed. During the Hague conference on June 15–22, 1922, the Soviet delegation held to the same stand as it had done in Genoa. It became clear that Bolsheviks got out of control and should have been talked to in a different way. And it was also necessary to bring discipline to Germany, which so clearly had showed its independence. The British Intelligence Service didn’t accomplish revolutions in Russia and Germany to make two of them friends!

      Two days after the Treaty of Rapallo had been signed, on April 18, 1922 governments of the Entente countries, the Little Entente countries (Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania) and Poland, and Portugal addressed Germany with a sharp note. They accused Germany of being disloyal to the Allies, as well as of “secretly signing of the agreement with Russia behind backs of its colleagues”. The Mass Media caused incredible disturbance. Finally, Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau, leaders of the German delegation, paid a visit to the Soviet delegation next day, on April 19th, and begged (!) to return them the signed agreement. The representatives of the “free democratic” Germany were in such panic that they were visiting the British embassy, calling Berlin and coming back to talk the Soviet delegation into pretending there hadn’t been an agreement signed all the time! Naturally, Russian diplomatic officials didn’t understand that, and the agreement remained in effect.

      And instantly the powers required by the Anglo-Saxon roused in the country of beer and sausage. Like frogs in the drying up moor they were waiting for their time. When the moor dries up, they are waiting petrified. Though, when some vivifying moisture is spilled, they become extremely active. It was just like that with German political parties. With the necessary ones, naturally, with the nationalistic ones.

      Let me remind you that the Treaty of Rapallo was signed on April 16, 1922. And of all things “the abrupt increase of the amount of party members” of NSDAP started right in spring 1922![79] It was in 1922–1923 that runaway inflation started in Germany. The population was rashly becoming poor.

      And in the middle of 1922 Adolf Hitler got some money. Rather a lot of money, in fact. It was because he planned to hold a party conference in Munich in January 1923. Five thousand of perfectly (and freshly!) uniformed troopers should have marched in front of their leader[80]. At the same time twelve sites for holding of meetings were leased. Orchestras, folk dancers and even a famous clown were hired to attract the audience[81]. Right after Rapallo, in spring 1922, the print run of the Hitlerite newspaper rapidly increased from 8 to 17.5 thousand copies[82]. And when the conference ended, they started to issue Völkischer Beobachter every day. So, there were some coincidences…

      Now we can answer the question why the mysterious foreign sponsors supported the young Nazi movement. German nationalists actively used outer forces to destabilize the situation in the country. Nazis were effective and valuable not personally but for the ability to provoke in Germany the governmental crisis and to remove the cabinet, so disliked by the Anglo-Saxon, that had guts to sign an agreement with Bolsheviks. Weimar Republic was the democratic country and the cabinet would easily resign should the political situation in the country go worse. Instead of resignation (if not accepted) the nationalists could also organize assassination. Let us once again remember the date of conclusion of the Soviet and German treaty of Rapallo. It was April 16, 1922. And on June 24, 1922 the group of nationalist plotters assassinated the Minister of the Foreign Affairs of Germany, Walther Rathenau, who was ethnic Jewish. This was an obvious example for all German politicians: the assassinated was for approximation with Moscow[83]. Though for gradual approximation, looking back to the West.

      Already on November 14, 1922 Josef Wirth, German Chancellor, resigned. He was the one who authorized the Treaty of Rapallo. Wirth frankly wanted the approximation of Germany with the Soviet Russia, however, he was for gradual steps and feared reaction of the western states to such foreign policy and independence of Germany[84]. Death of Walther Rathenau was convincing and showed that such fears did really had grounds.

      Along with the tension inside the German government the pressure from outside also grew stronger. Delays in payment of reparations became an excuse. Some time earlier in the history the Entente countries did not rush Germany but then it was the different time. After Rathenau’s assassination and resignation of Wirth some crucial measures followed. In January 1923 the French troops occupied the major industrial land of Germany – Ruhr[85] to take under control coal mining and shipment. German government urged the population to put up passive resistance. The French really did behave as the invaders. For example, they executed by shooting from the machine gun a demonstration of workers at one of the factories in Essen. Thirteen people were killed and over thirty were injured. When the funerals of the killed were visited by about half a million people, the French military court sentenced the owner of the firm and eight employees that held management positions to fifteen and twenty years of imprisonment accordingly[86].

      The whole Germany clenched its teeth in indignation. Diversions and attacks of the French soldiers started on the territory of Ruhr which were followed by numerous death sentences[87]. What about the Nazis that dressed as the extreme German patriots at the meetings?

      For those who understands the true financial sources of Hitler, it would be no surprise that members of his party did not participate in struggle with the French. On the contrary, Hitler personally promised to expel anyone who was actively participating in the resistance of Ruhr occupation! There were actual cases when he fulfilled his threat. According to witnesses it was just a year earlier when Hitler was talking about the necessity of the partisan warfare if the Ruhr land was occupied![88]

      The grown and stronger NSDAP could be easily used as any other nationalistic groups for destabilization of the inner affairs in Germany. There is such a twist of fate! Those who more than any others shout about the Great Russia, Great Germany and so on, in most cases blindly used the geopolitical rivals of its countries to weaken and disintegrate them! Let’s think about the noble but short-sighted White Russians. Rejecting the pure thought about “trading Russia”, heads of the White Movement lost in the Civil War in the end and gave up the country to Bolsheviks. Contemporary Russian skinheads and extreme nationalists do not even suspect that by beating up the “blacks” they firstly damage their own country. It is not about the image of the state but about the simple fact that in a multinational country assault of one nation by another always leads to disintegration which in the end is so desirable for its outside rivals. In the same way Nazi Hitler voluntarily or involuntarily played into the French and English hands that financed him not by means of his mythical “separatism” but by the very pure “patriotism”![89]

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