2 Chapter 4FIGURE 4-1: The Indus Valley Civilization was in what is now India and Pakistan...FIGURE 4-2: The Greeks built independent city-states all over the Aegean and we...

3 Chapter 5FIGURE 5-1: The Roman Empire at its height under the Emperor Trajan. 117 AD. FIGURE 5-2: Qin Shihuangdi started linking defense works that became the Great ...

4 Chapter 6FIGURE 6-1: Charlemagne’s empire as it was when he died in 814 AD.

5 Chapter 7FIGURE 7-1: The Blue Mosque in Istanbul boasts the distinctive Middle Eastern m...

6 Chapter 8FIGURE 8-1: The Mexican flag commemorates a legend about the Aztecs.

7 Chapter 9FIGURE 9-1: By 1900, the African map was a jigsaw puzzle of European conquests.

8 Chapter 10FIGURE 10-1: The Hindu god Skanda is often depicted atop a peacock clutching a ...

9 Chapter 11FIGURE 11-1: Socrates’ reputation as a philosopher rests mainly on what Plato w...FIGURE 11-2: A drawing of the marble lighthouse in the harbor of Alexandria by ...

10 Chapter 13FIGURE 13-1: Michelangelo’s David, a holy hunk. FIGURE 13-2: In his famous drawing Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci used geomet...

11 Chapter 14FIGURE 14-1: To be rid of wife Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII cut England’s ti...

12 Chapter 15FIGURE 15-1: Children often tended the machines of the Industrial Revolution.

13 Chapter 16FIGURE 16-1: Macedon’s phalanx was a marching hedgehog of muscular men, wood, a...

14 Chapter 17FIGURE 17-1: Front and side views of different stirrups, a technological innova...FIGURE 17-2: The matchlock added a fuse to ignite the gunpowder and free the so...FIGURE 17-3: With thick walls and a star-shaped design, the Renaissance fort wa...

15 Chapter 18FIGURE 18-1: Guerilla fighters such as Vietnam’s Viet Cong, South Vietnamese in...

16 Chapter 20FIGURE 20-1: Adolph Hitler started World War II in 1939 when he sent German tro...FIGURE 20-2: Joan of Arc led French troops to victory over the English in the H...

17 Chapter 21FIGURE 21-1: Marco Polo’s travels took him to places that include today’s Israe...

18 Chapter 22FIGURE 22-1: North Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh discovered communism as a youn...