sediment and failed blocks, suggesting active ba...Figure 4.2 Surface cracks along the bank margin suggesting incipient rotatio...Figure 4.3 Cantilever failure on the composite banks of the River Dee, near ...Figure 4.4 Multiple rotational failures along the banks of the River Mersey,...Figure 4.5 Isolated rotational failure in cohesive bank material on the Rive...Figure 4.6 Stable slumped blocks with healthy ungrazed vegetation growth on ...Figure 4.7 Continuous long‐reach erosion and inner bank deposition suggestin...Figure 4.8 Localised bank erosion linked to tree‐fall on the Carradale Water...Figure 4.9 Localised erosion behind a flow deflectors (triangular croy struc...Figure 4.10 Dramatic local erosion following revetment failure on the River ...Figure 4.11 Fluvial erosion to the toe of a high fluvio‐glacial terrace on t...Figure 4.12 New and older palaeo‐features across the floodplain of the Moffa...Figure 4.13 Infilled palaeo‐channels on the Floodplain of the Welland and Gw...Figure 4.14 Sequence of upstream channel development on the River Glen, Kirk...Figure 4.15 Semi‐vegetated slumped banks on the River Mersey.Figure 4.16 Recent bank erosion compromising a newly erected fence line on t...Figure 4.17 Progressive tree loss along the right bank looking downstream. R...Figure 4.18 Deep historically straightened narrow channel on the Holm Burn, ...Figure 4.19 Channel incision moderated by bed armouring on the River Caldew,...Figure 4.20 Exposed berm surface representing the former bed behind a lowere...Figure 4.21 Exposed former bed gravels underlying finer floodplain deposits ...Figure 4.22 Inset well‐connected vegetated lateral berm on the River Glen, K...Figure 4.23 Inset incipient floodplain on the River Malart, Syre, Sutherland...Figure 4.24 Eroded floodplain and juxtaposed gravel bar on the River Glen, K...Figure 4.25 Bed armouring on the River Caldew, Hesketh Newmarket, Cumbria.Figure 4.26 Wide coarse sediment margins inside vertical erosive banks on th...Figure 4.27 Multiple bank failures along the River Ribble, Long Preston, Yor...Figure 4.28 Isolated rotational failure on a drainage ditch on Swindale Beck...Figure 4.29 Angled bankside trees in the Holm Burn, Inverness, Scotland, ind...Figure 4.30 Upstream horseshoe scour around a bridge pier on the River South...Figure 4.31 Historic repairs to the abutment of Brechin Bridge on the River ...Figure 4.32 Late Holocene terraces, Thinhope Burn, Cumbria.Figure 4.33 Rapid incision of up to 4 m following straightening on the Holm ...Figure 4.34 Vegetated berms on the River Eye, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire...Figure 4.35 Vertical accretion associated with marginal vegetative growth on...Figure 4.36 Lee bar deposit downstream of a Bridge on the River Till, near W...Figure 4.37 Vegetated aggrading bar upstream of the A50 Bridge over the Rive...Figure 4.38 Heavily sedimented drainage channel flowing into Worsley Brook, ...Figure 4.39 Sedimented reach of the River Trent, Staffordshire University ca...Figure 4.40 Stalled gravel lobes on the River Kent, Kendal, Lake District.Figure 4.41 Stalled, stacked gravel lobes on the College Burn, near Kirknewt...Figure 4.42 Gravel splay deposits left after a flood on the Goldrill Beck, P...Figure 4.43 Loose gravel plane‐bed channel, Goldrill Beck, Patterdale, Lake ...Figure 4.44 Coarse armoured plane‐bed on the River Glen, Kirknewton, Northum...Figure 4.45 Infilled weir on the River Croal, Bury, Lancashire.Figure 4.46 Buried historic weir on the River Ehen, Egremont, Cumbria.Figure 4.47 Deposition through a peripheral bridge opening on the River Exe ...Figure 4.48 Recently transported gravel on Swindale Beck, Swindale, Lake Dis...Figure 4.49 Fresh gravel lobes on Swindale Beck, Swindale, Lake District.Figure 4.50 Fine sediment ribbon over gravel on the River Black Devon.Figure 4.51 Particle cluster on the River South Esk. Flow direction from top...Figure 4.52 Silt drape on the lower banks of Swindale Beck.Figure 4.53 Sand lobe features in the Black Devon, Cleish Hills, Fife, Scotl...Figure 4.54 Ripple features in the Black Devon, Cleish Hills, Fife, Scotland...Figure 4.55 Fine sediment bed choking on Swindale Beck, Swindale, Lake Distr...Figure 4.56 Uniform featureless reach of the River Rede, downstream of Otter...Figure 4.57 Inset reach of the River Rother, Rotherham, Yorkshire.Figure 4.58 Inset reach of the River Rede downstream of Otterburn, Northumbe...Figure 4.59 Strongly armoured bed on the River Caldew, Hesketh Newmarket, Cu...Figure 4.60 Over‐loose riffle gravel on the River Lark upstream of Bury St E...Figure 4.61 Loose plane‐bed reach of the River South Esk, Brechin, Scotland....Figure 4.62 Excessive fine sediment on the bed of the River Granta, Linton, ...Figure 4.63 Stalling gravel bars and lobes on the River Kent, Kendal, Lake D...Figure 4.64 Stalled gravel in the vicinity of an avulsion site on the River ...Figure 4.65 Gross deposition on the Culloden Burn, Smithdon, Inverness, Scot...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Controls on river channel form and function, where thicker lines ...Figure 5.2 Timeline of river and catchment alteration in the United Kingdom ...Figure 5.3 Historic change in UK river systems (a) Middle Ages – semi‐natura...Figure 5.4 Spatial extent of river channel and floodplain change in England,...Figure 5.5 Key developments in stream science over the period 1960–2020h...
