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СКАЧАТЬ Majhi1*, Aarti Kashyap1 and Ritanjali Majhi2

       1Dept. of CSIT, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Central University, Bilaspur, India

       2School of Management, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India

       Abstract

      The intensive care unit (ICU) admits highly ill patients to facilitate them serious attention and treatment using ventilators and other sophisticated medical equipments. These equipments are very costly hence its optimized uses are necessary. ICUs have a number of staffs in comparison to the number of patients admitted for regular monitoring of the patients. In brief, ICUs involve large amount of budget in comparison to other sections of any hospital. Therefore to help the doctors to find out which patient is more at risk mortality prediction is an important area of research. In data mining mortality prediction is a binary classification problem i.e. die or survive. As a result it attracts the machine learning group to apply the algorithms to do the mortality prediction. In this chapter six different machine learning methods such as Functional Link Artificial Neural Network (FLANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Discriminate Analysis (DA), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayesian Network and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) are used to develop model for mortality prediction collecting data from Physionet Challenge 2012 and did the performance analysis of them. There are three separate data set each with 4000 records in Physionet Challenge 2012. This chapter uses dataset A containing 4000 records of different patients. The simulation study reveals that the decision tree based model outperforms the rest five models with an accuracy of 97.95% during testing. It is followed by the FA-FLANN model in the second rank with an accuracy of 87.60%.

      Keywords: Mortality prediction, ICU patients, physioNet 2012 data, machine learning techniques

      Healthcare is the support or improvement of wellbeing by means of the avoidance, finding, treatment, recuperation or fix of sickness, disease, damage and other physical and mental hindrances in individuals [1]. Hospitals are dependent upon various weights, including restricted assets and human services assets which include limited funds and healthcare resources. Mortality prediction for ICU patients is basic commonly as the snappier and increasingly precise the choices taken by intensivists, the more the advantage for the two, patients and medicinal services assets. An emergency unit is for patients with the most genuine sicknesses or wounds. The vast majority of the patients need support from gear like the clinical ventilator to keep up typical body capacities and should be continually and firmly checked. For quite a long time, the number of ICUs has encountered an overall increment [2]. During the ICU remain, diverse physiological parameters are estimated and examined every day. Those parameters are utilized in scoring frameworks to measure the seriousness of the patients. ICUs are answerable for an expanding level of the human services spending plan, and consequently are a significant objective in the exertion to constrain social insurance costs [3]. Consequently, there is an expanding need, given the asset accessibility restrictions, to ensure that extra concentrated consideration assets are distributed to the individuals who are probably going to profit most from them. Basic choices incorporate hindering life-bolster medications and giving doesn’t revive orders when serious consideration is viewed as worthless. In this setting, mortality evaluation is an essential assignment, being utilized to foresee the last clinical result as well as to assess ICU viability, and assign assets.

      In the course of recent decades, a few seriousness scoring frameworks and machine learning mortality prediction models have been developed [4]. Different traditional scoring techniques such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) [4], Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) [4], Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) [4] and Mortality Probability Model (MPM) [4] and data mining techniques like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) [5], Support Vector Machine (SVM) [5], Decision Tree (DT) [5], Logistic Regression (LR) [5] have been used in the previous researches. Mortality prediction is still an open challenge in an Intensive Care Unit.

      The rest of the chapter is organized as follows: Section 1.2 describes the previous studies of mortality prediction, Material and methods are presented in Section 1.3 where data collection, data-preprocessing, model description is properly described. Section 1.4 presents the obtained results. Section 1.5 briefly discusses the work with conclusion and finally Section 1.6 gives the future work.

      Many researchers applied different models in PhysioNet Challenge 2012 dataset and obtained different accuracy results.