Arc Welding Processes Handbook. Ramesh Kumar Singh

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СКАЧАТЬ Figure 2.11.11.3 The sketch above shows a typical weld layers of several passes - note the sequencing numbers on each pass

       Figure 2.12.6 Aluminum fillet weld-bend testing

       Figure 2.12.12 Typical stainless-steel pipe weld, and weld-o-let on the header

       Figure 2.12.13 Pipe is assembled and prior to welding, the welder is tacking them with the GTAW process

       Figure 2.12.18 Schaeffler diagram

       Figure 2.12.19 DeLong diagram

       Figure 2.14 Nickel alloy plate being welded

       Figure 2.1 Nickel is in 10th group and 4th period in the periodic table, its atomic number is

       Figure 2.14.2 Typical nickel welding electrodes – note the electrode identification making on the electrode

       Figure 2.14.3 Nickel alloy welding (note the fillet weld in upward progression)

Figure 3.3.1 Typical GTAW welding

       Figure 3.3.2 A GTAW welder, note the welding torch, and the filler wire in each hand

       Figure 3.4.1 Typical GTAW welding process with details of the welding torch

       Figure 3.5.1 A typical GTAW set-up with positions of gas cylinder, welding machine, electrode holder and work-piece

       Figure 3.5.2 The cleaning process by the current cycle

       Figure 3.5.3 High and low frequency currents in pulsing

       Figure 3.6.1 DC HF output circuit

       Figure 3.7.1 The graph

       Figure 3.7.2 Four AC wave forms

       Figure 3.7.2.2 Effect of Independent AC amperage control on weld penetration and weld bead profile

       Figure 3.7.2.3 Effect of variation in AC frequency on the weld profile and penetration

       Figure 3.7.2.4 Provides an example of a weld done at 150 Hz and 40 Hz

       Figure 3.7.2.5 Weld profile as a result of extended EN of the cycle

       Figure 3.7.2.6 Weld profile as a result of reduced EN cycle

       Figure 3.7.4.1 A schematic drawing of single-phase DC power source with SCR bridge control

       Figure 3.7.6.1 Schematic diagram of a DC generator

       Figure 3.7.6.2 DC excitation circuit

       Figure 3.9.1 Gas flow meters (A) shows the tube type flow meter, and the bottom (B) has a gauge type flow meter both calibrated in L/min

       Figure 3.10.1 A typical manual welding torch, note the water cooling, gas supply and tungsten electrode assembly

       Figure 3.10.2 Various nozzles types and sizes

       Figure 3.10.3 A gas lens, with mesh, and holding circlip

       Figure 3.10.4 An assortment of manual welding GTAW torch components

       Figure 3.11.1 Electrode tips

       Figure 3.11.2.1 The tip angle 60°, note the depth of the deeper penetration and the shape and depth of the HAZ

       Figure 3.11.2.2 The tip angle 30°, note the depth of the shallower penetration and the shape of the HAZ

Figure 3.11.2.3 The tip angle 15°, note the depth of the shallowest penetration and the shape of the HAZ

       Figure 3.12.1 Five basic weld designs, (Courtesy of Indian Air force training manual “Basic Welding Technology”)

       Figure 3.16.1 Copper and Aluminum welding leads: note the number of fine wires that compose a cable, and the rubber sheathing that covers them

       Figure 3.16.2 Various types of cable connectors, and ground clamp. Pictures Curtsy of LENCO catalogue

       Figure 3.25.9.3.1 Welder is tacking a pipe prior to welding

       Figure 3.25.9.3.2 A nozzle is welded on a pipe header

       Figure 3.25.10.2.1 Schaeffler diagram

       Figure 3.25.10.2 DeLong diagram

       Figure 4.3.1 Typical GMAW welding

       Figure 4.4.1 A GMAW operator welding on an offshore pipeline

       Figure 4.4.1.1 Short circuit transfer (arc-action and cycle)

       Figure 4.4.1.2 Current voltage range for various transfer mode

       Figure 4.11.1 Typical GMAW (MIG) welding set up with the external wire feed unit

       Figure 4.12.1 A typical GMAW torch with trigger type on-off switch on the handle

       Figure 4.12.2 Blow out of the GMAW torch that shows some of the components that make up a welding torch

       Figure 4.12.3 The GMAW torch and the cable connector

       Figure 4.12.1.4 Copper and aluminum welding leads: note the number of fine wires that compose a cable, and the rubber sheathing that covers them

       Figure 4.13.8.1 (a) Contour of a weld bead in the flat position with the work horizontal; (b) welding slightly uphill; (c) welding slightly downhill

       Figure 4.13.12.1 WRC diagram

       Figure 5.3.1 FCAW-S self-shielding tubular wire process

       Figure 5.3.2 FCAW-G, gas shielding solid wire process

       Figure 5.4.1 Typical FCAW setup

       Figure 5.5.1 FCAW electrode classification system

Figure 5.8.7.2.1 Shows the metal transfer through the arc with CO₂ shielding on the left, and 75% Ar. + CO₂ on the right

       Figure 6.3.1 Schematic display of the SAW process

       Figure 6.3.2 Shows the submerged arc welding of a plate

       Figure 6.3.3 Shows the SAW of a pipe in a fabrication shop – note the arc and flux position as the pipe rotates

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