Una mirada al cultivo de la quinua en el departamento de Boyacá. Ana Cruz Morillo Coronado

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СКАЧАТЬ properties, with secondary metabolites with potential use in industry, and a wide adaptation to extreme agroclimatological conditions, which make it one of the promising species to face the consequences of Climate Change worldwide. Given its current economic, nutritional and social importance, its planting areas around the world have increased, despite being considered a species of subsistence and small farmers. In Colombia, especially in the producing departments (Nariño, Cundinamarca, Boyacá) its cultivation is being encouraged, given its agronomic and production potential, however, to date there are few studies on its behavior, biological, physiological, agronomic and genetic. Despite the fact that the department of Boyacá has the edaphoclimatic and agroecological conditions necessary for the development of the cultivation of quinoa and a collection of germplasm, the lack of certified planting material, low technology, ignorance of the market and the value chain quinoa, means that the comparative advantages that the department has over this crop have not yet been taken advantage of. The country does not have breeding programs aimed towards the selection and identification of high yielding varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic factors are the same farmers who cycle after cycle select their planting material, so in the fields a high phenotypic variation can be observed in plants. Within this context, this work seeks to address different aspects of the cultivation of quinoa starting from its processes of origin and domestication, its importance at the global, national and regional levels, its uses, its physiological behavior and the characterization of its germplasm as a first approach towards the knowledge of this genetic resource and its sustainable use within plant breeding programs that seek the identification of new and better materials adapted to local conditions and that respond to the needs of the farmer, producer and consumer and that allow a solution to the main problems that currently affect the cultivation of quinoa in Colombia.

      Keywords: Quinoa, Agronomy, Physiology, Germplasm Characterization, Genetic Diversity, Plant Breeding.

      A Dios por ser el Maestro y dueño de nuestra vida,

      a nuestras familias por ser ese apoyo incondicional,

      a nuestros amigos, familiares y allegados

      Muchas gracias y bendiciones

      Los Autores

      Contenido

       Presentación

       CAPÍTULO 1

      BOTÁNICA, ORIGEN, DOMESTICACIÓN DE LA QUINUA

       1.1 Origen y evolución

       1.2 Domesticación, distribución geográfica y requerimientos climáticos

       1.3 Características botánicas y taxonómicas

       1.4 Valor nutricional y usos

       CAPÍTULO II

      IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DEL CULTIVO DE LA QUINUA

       2.1 Importancia a nivel mundial

       2.2 Importancia a nivel nacional

       2.3 Importancia a nivel regional

       CAPÍTULO III

      ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS Y AGRONÓMICOS DEL CULTIVO DE LA QUINUA

       3.1 Ecotipos

       3.2 Manejo Agronómico en Sur América

       3.3 Tolerancia a la salinidad

       3.4 Tolerancia a la sequía y adaptación

       CAPÍTULO IV

      RECURSOS GENÉTICOS Y BIODIVERSIDAD

       4.1 Recursos fitogenéticos

       4.2 Caracterización morfoagronómica del germoplasma

       4.3 Caracterización bioquímica

       4.4 Caracterización molecular

       4.5 Análisis de la diversidad genética

       CAPÍTULO V

      VARIEDADES DE QUINUA DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACÁ

       5.1 Estudios de caracterización morfoagronómica en el Departamento de Boyacá

       5.2 Caracterización de la diversidad genética del germoplasma del departamento de Boyacá, a través del uso de herramientas biotecnológicas

       5.3 Descripción general de los materiales de quinua en el departamento de Boyacá

       5.3.1 Material Quinua Real

       5.3.2 Material Aurora

       5.3.3 Material Quinua Ceniza

       5.3.4 Material Quinua Beteitiva

       5.3.5 Material Quinua Sotaquirá

       5.3.6 Material Quinua Negra

       5.3.7 Material Quinua Tunkahuan (ICA Surbatá)

       5.3.8 Material Quinua Blanca de Jericó (Siachoque)

       5.3.9 Material Quinua Amarilla de Maranganí

       5.3.10 Material Quinua Colorada

       5.3.11 Material Blanca dulce de Soracá

       5.3.12 Material Piartal (Chocontá)

       5.3.13 Material Quinua dulce de Tuta

       5.3.14 Material Quinua semiamarga

       3.5.15 Material Quinua peruana

       5.3.16 Material Quinua Siachoque

       5.3.17 Material Blanca de Jericó (Tuta)

       СКАЧАТЬ