The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       Venezuela 2,200 km

      Coastline: 7,491 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south

      Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point:

       Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

      Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 2% other: 92% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 26,560 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

      Environment - current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic

       Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,

       Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

       Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but

       not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

      Geography - note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

      People Brazil

      Population: 176,029,560 note: Brazil took an intercensal count in August 1996 which reported a population of 157,079,573; that figure was about 5% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, which is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 28% (male 25,140,954; female 24,199,276) 15-64 years: (male 3,992,017; female 5,863,234) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.87% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 18.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 9.32 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: -0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 35.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 67.91 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 2.05 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.57% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 540,000 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 18,000 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian

      Ethnic groups: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish,

       Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes

       Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

      Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 80%

      Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.3% male: 83.3% female: 83.2% (1995 est.)

      Government Brazil

      Country name: conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local short form: Brasil local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

      Government type: federative republic

      Capital: Brasilia

      Administrative divisions: 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1

       federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas,

       Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao,

       Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana,

       Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul,

       Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins

      Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

      Constitution: 5 October 1988

      Legal system: based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government election results: Fernando Henrique CARDOSO reelected president; percent of vote - 53% elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 4 October 1998 (next to be held 6 October 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president head of government: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from each state or federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a four-year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) election results: PFL 20, PSDB 16, PT 7, PPB 5, PSB 3, PDT 2, PPS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats СКАЧАТЬ