The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ - commodities: Greek Cypriot area: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery; Turkish Cypriot area: food, minerals, chemicals, machinery

      Imports - partners: Greek Cypriot area: EU 52% (UK 11%, Italy 9%, Greece 9%, Germany 7%), US 10% (2000); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkey 59%, UK 13%, other EU 13% (1999)

      Debt - external: Greek Cypriot area: $NA; Turkish Cypriot area: $NA

      Economic aid - recipient: Greek Cypriot area - $17 million (1998); Turkish Cypriot area - $700 million from Turkey in grants and loans (1990-97) which are usually forgiven

      Currency: Greek Cypriot area: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area:

       Turkish lira (TRL)

      Currency code: CYP; TRL

      Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.6518 (January 2002), 0.6427 (2001), 0.6208 (2000), 0.5423 (1999), 0.5170 (1998), 0.5135 (1997); Turkish liras per US dollar - 1,370,629 (January 2002), 1,223,140 (2001), 625,219 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications Cyprus

      Telephones - main lines in use: Greek Cypriot area: 405,000 (1998);

       Turkish Cypriot area: 83,162 (1998)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: Greek Cypriot area: 68,000 (1998);

       Turkish Cypriot area: 70,000 (1999)

      Telephone system: general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 60, shortwave 1 (1998); Turkish

       Cypriot area: Radios: Greek Cypriot area: 310,000 (1997); Turkish

       Cypriot area: 56,450 (1994)

      Television broadcast stations: Greek Cypriot area: 4 (plus 225 low-power repeaters) (September 1995); Turkish Cypriot area: 4 (plus 5 repeaters) (September 1995)

      Televisions: Greek Cypriot area: 248,000 (1997); Turkish Cypriot area: 52,300 (1994)

      Internet country code: .cy

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (2000)

      Internet users: 120,000 (2001)

      Transportation Cyprus

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: 10,663 km (1998 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: Greek Cypriot area: Waterways: none

      Ports and harbors: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos,

       Vasilikos

      Merchant marine: total: 1,254 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,802,712 GRT/36,337,768 DWT note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Austria 12, Belgium 2, Bulgaria 2, Canada 3, Chile 2, China 16, Croatia 2, Cuba 11, Finland 1, Germany 229, Greece 607, Guam 1, Hong Kong 6, India 6, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Israel 5, Italy 1, Japan 26, Latvia 14, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 2, Mexico 1, Monaco 10, Netherlands 30, Norway 23, Panama 1, Philippines 2, Poland 19, Portugal 2, Russia 57, Singapore 2, Slovenia 2, South Korea 4, Spain 7, Sudan 2, Sweden 6, Switzerland 4, Turkey 1, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 13, United Kingdom 6, United States 4, Vietnam 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 438, cargo 378, chemical tanker 24, combination bulk 31, combination ore/oil 2, container 133, liquefied gas 4, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 131, refrigerated cargo 46, roll on/roll off 41, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 3

      Airports: 15 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 12 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2001) 914 to 1,523 m: 3

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2001)

      Heliports: 7 (2001)

      Military Cyprus

      Military branches: Greek area: Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; including air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police Turkish area: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK)

      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 200,071 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 137,322 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 6,616 (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $370 million (FY00)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.2% (FY00)

      Transnational Issues Cyprus

      Disputes - international: reunification talks - the first since 1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a Greek Cypriot area controlled by the internationally recognized Cypriot Government (59% of the island's land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (37% of the island), that are separated by a UN buffer zone (4% of the island) - have recommenced; there are two UK sovereign base areas mostly within the Greek-Cypriot portion of the island

      Illicit drugs: minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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      Denmark

      Introduction

      Denmark

      Background: Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. However, the country has opted out of European Union's Maastricht Treaty, the European monetary system (EMU), and issues concerning certain internal affairs.

      Geography Denmark

      Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)

      Geographic coordinates: 56 00 N, 10 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area: total: 43,094 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland land: 42,394 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts

      Land boundaries: total: 68 km border countries: СКАЧАТЬ