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      Figure 1.1 Natural hazard year wise in US.

      Natural disasters will affect societies by human loss, relocation, death, property harm and economic impacts. Such consequences and sluggish group rebounder may be amplificated by structural stressors like high unemployment, inadequate services or food shortages. The National Environmental Awareness Centers (NOAA, 2018a) report that 218 extreme weather events happened in the USA between 1980 and 2017 worth at least $1 billion. The degree to which societies have been affected and lost their work from natural disasters is seen in Figure 1.1. The enhancement of construction and infrastructure’s robust and sustainable efficiency will help cities escape major economic loss and long-term consequences.

       1.4.3 Perspectives of Local Community

      There are a number of communities in the United States which recover each year from a dangerous event. Over the last 50 years, an annual average of 40 declarations of presidential hazardous events has been issued (FEMA 2013). Hazardous results are first experienced and first handled in populations. While governments cannot eliminate natural threats, long-term planning and prioritized initiatives that are enforced over time will mitigate their effects. The level of recovery and the eventual outcome would rely on the scope and magnitude of the incident and on the action taken by government to mitigate harm, preserve properties, react in a timely and organized manner and restore government functionality within a given time period. Such activities collectively assess the strength of a group.

      Resilience provides a holistic solution to risk handling catastrophic incidents, as well as environmental problems, through structures that allow new generations the same opportunities to prosper. Communities will move for a more socially and economically equitable and prosperous environment by resolving skill differences and essential threats through a systemic integrated and systematic strategy [29–35]. Approaches include: introduction into City planning and network projects with adaptability, resilience and regeneration, utilizing a framework methodology that tackles multi-scale connections and dependency and methodologies that resolve the complexity of the potential severity of hazards (Table 1.2).

      Table 1.2 Planning for community resilience [55].

1.5 Sustainability and Resilience of Engineered System

      The word “anthroposphere” has more and more been used by scientists to emphasize the impact of human existence in the new geological era. The accelerated demographic increase, technical advances and industrialization have reached a state in which the relations of human enterprises, the global environment of the world and the surroundings have a devastating effect on potential social changes at local level. The lack of natural capital, arable and inhabitable property, potable water and lifethreats in general, are increasingly impacting civilization-culminating in civil instability and migration. Human environmental emissions are widely accepted to adversely affect the earth’s geology and biosphere itself, thereby affecting the same living conditions which enable human civilization to be promoted in various ways, including global climate change. Regions and towns are not merely at danger, but are also a fact for millions. Environmental contamination, clean water and land, significant damage to the safety, well-being and livelihoods of current and future generations are a hazard. A global catastrophically danger must be taken seriously at all stages of society’s policy-making in the absence of sustainable social growth.

      Earth structure and individual behavior on the functionalities of health organizations. It is therefore clear that the relation between sustainable growth and resilience is powerful and that the two concepts are essentially similar from two separate viewpoints, see also Figure 1.2.