Handbook of Clinical Gender Medicine. Группа авторов
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Название: Handbook of Clinical Gender Medicine

Автор: Группа авторов

Издательство: Ingram

Жанр: Зарубежная психология

Серия:

isbn: 9783805599306

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СКАЧАТЬ Stress and Allostatic Load

      Robert-Paul Juster · Sonia J. Lupien

      Center for Studies on Human Stress, Fernand-Seguin Research Center, Louis-H. Lafontaine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada

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      Abstract

      The biopsychosocial signatures for stress-related conditions are age, sex, and gender specific. The trajectories of these diseases are furthermore dynamic as they manifest themselves differently throughout lifespan development and in the context of broader social, cultural, and historical factors. Delineating the effects of chronic stress on the brain and body therefore requires approaches that capture the complexities of the predetermined sex of the individual and the acquired gender throughout the life cycle.Targeting these complex risk factors and promoting protective factors can advance person-centered approaches in medicine. With the goal of refining the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diverse diseases, this chapter presents recent progress recorded in the literature on stress-related diseases, highlighting the allostatic load model that represents the biological damage individuals incur when chronically stressed.

      Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

      The Measurement of Stress

      Clinical Aspects

      Neurological Regulation and Allostatic Load

      Life Cycle Model of Stress

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      During adolescence, the hippocampus is fully organized, the amygdala continues to develop, and finally the frontal lobe undergoes important maturation. Consequently, stress exposure during this transition into adulthood can have major effects on the frontal cortex. Studies show that adolescents are highly vulnerable to stress because of pubertal changes in gonadic hormones and sensitivities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that can persist into adulthood as potentiation/incubation effects. In adulthood and during aging, the brain regions that undergo the most rapid decline as a result of senescence are once again highly vulnerable to the effects of stress hormones. This leads to the manifestation of incubated effects from earlier life on the brain, known as manifestation effects or maintenance effects [6].