The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona

       Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator

       divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South

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      @Australia————

      Map—

      Location: 27 00 S, 133 00 E—Oceania, continent between the

       Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean

      Flag——

      Description: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars

      Geography————

      Location: Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the

       South Pacific Ocean

      Geographic coordinates: 27 00 S, 133 00 E

      Map references: Oceania

      Area:

       total area: 7,686,850 sq km

       land area: 7,617,930 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than the US

       note: includes Macquarie Island

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 25,760 km

      Maritime claims:

       contiguous zone: 24 nm

       continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

       exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica

       (Australian Antarctic Territory)

      Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east;

       tropical in north

      Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in

       southeast

       lowest point: Lake Eyre −15 m

       highest point: Mount Kosciusko 2,229 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver,

       uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds,

       natural gas, petroleum

      Land use:

       arable land: 6%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 58%

       forest and woodland: 14%

       other: 22%

      Irrigated land: 18,800 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial

       development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity

       rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification;

       clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of

       many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the

       northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened

       by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited

       natural fresh water resources

       natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts

       international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered

       Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban,

       Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,

       Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

      Geographic note: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as "the Doctor" occurs along the west coast in the summer

      People———

      Population: 18,260,863 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 21% (male 2,009,915; female 1,912,605)

       15–64 years: 66% (male 6,129,285; female 5,980,315)

       65 years and over: 13% (male 967,291; female 1,261,452) (July 1996

       est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.99% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 13.99 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 2.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female

       all ages: 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.39 years male: 76.44 years female: 82.5 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.84 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Australian(s) adjective: Australian

      Ethnic divisions: Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal and other 1%

      Religions: Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 24.3%

      Languages: СКАЧАТЬ