The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 46%

       forest and woodland: 3%

       other: 39%

      Irrigated land: 26,600 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much

       of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building

       materials); desertification

       natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains;

       flooding

       international agreements: party to - Endangered Species,

       Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban;

       signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life

       Conservation

      Geographic note: landlocked

      People———

      Population: 22,664,136 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 43% (male 4,972,469; female 4,784,900)

       15–64 years: 54% (male 6,377,231; female 5,916,954)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 325,808; female 286,774) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 4.78% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 43.03 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 18.16 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 22.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.14 male(s)/female

       all ages: 1.06 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 149.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 45.85 years male: 46.43 years female: 45.24 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.14 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan

      Ethnic divisions: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)

      Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

      Languages: Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages

       (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily

       Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 31.5%

       male: 47.2%

       female: 15%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Islamic State of Afghanistan

       conventional short form: Afghanistan

       local long form: Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan

       local short form: Afghanestan

       former: Republic of Afghanistan

      Data code: AF

      Type of government: transitional government

      Capital: Kabul

      Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol note: there may be two new provinces of Nurestan (Nuristan) and Khowst

      Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK)

      National holiday: Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August

      Constitution: none

      Legal system: a new legal system has not been adopted but the transitional government has declared it will follow Islamic law (Shari'a)

      Suffrage: undetermined; previously males 15–50 years of age

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Burhanuddin RABBANI (interim president

       July-December 1992, president since 2 January 1993) was elected to a

       two-year term (later amended by multi-party agreement to 18 months)

       by a national shura (council); election last held 31 December 1992

       (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote NA; Vice President

       Mohammad NABI MOHAMMADI (since NA) was appointed by the president;

       note - in June 1994 failure to agree on a transfer mechanism

       resulted in RABBANI's extending his term to 28 December 1994;

       following the expiration of the term and while negotiations on the

       formation of a new government go on, RABBANI continues in office

       head of government: Prime Minister Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI (since NA)

       was appointed by President RABBANI as de facto prime minister, but

       does not have any real authority; First Deputy Prime Minister

       Qutbuddin HELAL (since 17 March 1993) and Deputy Prime Minister

       Arsala RAHMANI (since 17 March 1993)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers; note - term of present government

       expired 28 December 1994; factional fighting since 1 January 1994

       has kept government officers from actually occupying ministries and

       discharging СКАЧАТЬ