The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel,

       gold, copper, emeralds

      Land use:

       arable land: 4%

       permanent crops: 2%

       meadows and pastures: 29%

       forest and woodland: 49%

       other: 16%

      Irrigated land: 5,150 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: deforestation; soil damage from overuse of

       pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle

       emissions

       natural hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional

       earthquakes; periodic droughts

       international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,

       Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation,

       Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical

       Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine

       Dumping, Tropical Timber 94

      Geographic note: only South American country with coastlines on

       both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

      People———

      Population: 36,813,161 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 32% (male 5,948,599; female 5,806,450)

       15–64 years: 64% (male 11,496,931; female 11,890,875)

       65 years and over: 4% (male 741,788; female 928,518) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.66% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 21.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 4.65 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 25.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.81 years male: 69.97 years female: 75.73 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.35 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian

      Ethnic divisions: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Indian 3%, Indian 1%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 95%

      Languages: Spanish

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 91.3%

       male: 91.2%

       female: 91.4%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Colombia

       conventional short form: Colombia

       local long form: Republica de Colombia

       local short form: Colombia

      Data code: CO

      Type of government: republic; executive branch dominates government structure

      Capital: Bogota

      Administrative divisions: 32 departments (departamentos, singular

       - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital);

       Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca,

       Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba,

       Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta,

       Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres

       y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes,

       Vichada

      Independence: 20 July 1810 (from Spain)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 20 July (1810)

      Constitution: 5 July 1991

      Legal system: based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992–93; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch:

       chief of state and head of government: President Ernesto SAMPER

       Pizano (since 7 August 1994) elected for a four-year term by popular

       vote; election last held 29 May 1994 (next to be held NA May 1998)

       results - no candidate received more than 50% of the total vote; a

       run-off election to select a president from the two leading

       candidates was held 19 June 1994; results - Ernesto SAMPER Pizano

       (Liberal Party) 50.4%, Andres PASTRANA Arango (Conservative Party)

       48.6%, blank votes 1%; Humberto de la CALLE Lombana elected vice

       president for a four-year term by popular vote in a new procedure

       that replaces the traditional designation of vice presidents by

       newly elected presidents

       cabinet: Cabinet

      Legislative branch: bicameral Congress (Congreso)

       СКАЧАТЬ