March, J. G. Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning // Organization Science 2 (1991): 71–87.
3
Многие другие специалисты, пишущие на тему инноваций, проводят аналогичное различие. См.: Sitkin, S., K. M. Sutcliffe, and D. G. Schroeder. Distinguishing Control from Learning in Total Quality Management: A Learning Perspective // Academy of Management Review 19 (1993): 537–64; O’Reilly C. Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Control in Organizations // California Management Review 31 (1989): 24–38; Tushman, M. L., and C. O’Reilly. Winning Through Innovation: A Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997); Adams, J. L. The Care and Feeding of Ideas: A Guide to Encouraging Creativity (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1986); and Nemeth, C. J., and B. M. Staw, «The Tradeoffs of Social Control and Innovation in Groups and Organizations», in Advances in Experimental Psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press, 1989), 175–310. Пускай точки зрения в перечисленных источниках несколько различаются, однако все они называют три фундаментальных принципа как главное, что позволяет провести четкую грань между сообществами, которые эксплуатируют старые идеи, и теми, что генерируют, опробуют и развивают новые идеи.
4
March. Exploration and Exploitation.
5
Watson, J. L., “Transnationalism, Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia,” in Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia, ed. J. L. Watson (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997), 1–76.
6
См., например, Deming, W. E. Out of the Crisis (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/CAES, 1986) (На русском языке см.: Деминг Э. Выход из кризиса: Новая парадигма управления людьми, системами и процессами. – М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2012); and Hackman, J. R., and R. Wageman. Total Quality Management: Empirical, Conceptual and Practical Issues // Administrative Science Quarterly 40 (1995): 309–42.
7
Fedarko, K. Russian Air Roulette: Service on Aeroflot Was Once Considered Just Riotously Bad. These Days, It’s Getting Downright Dangerous // Time, April 18, 1994.
8
Nemeth and Staw. Tradeoffs of Social Control and Innovation.
9
Gould, S. J., Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin (New York: Harmony Books, 1996), 229–30.
10
См. Hannan, M. T., and Freeman J. Organizational Ecology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990); Campbell, D. T. Variation and Selective Retention in Sociocultural Evolution // General Systems 16 (1969): 69–85; McKelvey, B. Organizational Systematics: Taxonomy, Evolution, Classification (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982).
11
Simonton, D. K., Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
12
Allen, T. J., Managing the Flow of Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977); Allen, T. J., D. Cohen, “Information Flow in Research and Development Laboratories,” Administrative Science Quarterly 14 (1969): 12–19; DiMaggio, P., “Nadel’s Paradox Revisited: Relational and Cultural Aspects of Organizational Structure,” in Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, ed. N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1992); Hargadon, A., “Firms as Knowledge Brokers,” California Management Review 40 (1998): 209–27; Hargadon, A., and R. I. Sutton, “Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm,” Administrative Science Quarterly 42 (1997): 716–49; March. Exploration and Exploitation; and Nemeth and Staw. Tradeoffs of Social Control and Innovation.
13
Millard, A., Edison and the Business of Invention (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 15.
14
Anton, T., Bold Science (New York: Freeman, 2000), 48.
15
Surowiecki, J., “The Credit Card Kings,” The New Yorker, November 27, 2000, 74.
16
Brendan Boyle, interview by Robert Sutton at Skyline Toys // Palo Alto, July 26, 1999.
17
Furby (Ферби) – популярная интерактивная игрушка в виде смешной зверушки, которая реагирует на свет, реагирует, когда ее кормят, качают и переворачивают с боку на бок, урчит, смеется, целуется, танцует и поет колыбельную песню. – Прим. пер.
18
Zider, B. How Venture Capital Works. Harvard Business Review (November-December 2000): 131–39.
19
Muio, A. Great Ideas in Aisle 9 // Fast Company (April 2000): 46.
