(use...Figure 17.139 Axial rotor assembly (used by permission: A. C. Compressor Corpora...Figure 17.140 Performance of axial compressor at various speeds (used by permiss...Figure 17.141 Stable volume range extended by stator blade control (used by perm...Figure 17.142 Pressure – capacity characteristic compression of an axial compres...Figure 17.143 General axial flow compressor performance for typical 100 psia air...Figure 17.144 Speed comparison between axial and centrifugal compressor (used by...Figure 17.145A Functional operational schematic of Nash liquid ring compressor (...Figure 17.145B A partly disassembled Nash liquid ring compressor view shows the ...Figure 17.145C In a compound pump, the gas is compressed in two stages. First, t...Figure 17.146 Liquid ring compressor as gas compressor (used by permission: Nash...Figure 17.147 Automatic operating of primer by pressure control (used by permiss...Figure 17.148 Lobe-type blower construction (used by permission: Sutorbilt Corp....Figure 17.149 Operating principle for two-lobe blowers (used by permission: Bul....Figure 17.149A Roots Whispair ® Blower principle (used by permission: Bul. B-05 ...Figure 17.150 Typical performance curve for lobe-type blower (used by permission...Figure 17.151 Typical performance curve for variable-speed operation for lobe-ty...Figure 17.152A A typical cross-section showing the spiral screw rotors, lubricat...Figure 17.152B Type H Axi ® Helical Rotor positive displacement compressor. Appl...Figure 17.152C Exploded view of a screw compressor (used by permission: Price, B...Figure 17.152D Rotor set for oil-free rotary screw compressor (used by permissio...Figure 17.152E Type L Axi ® Helical rotor assembly and rotation details (used by...Figure 17.153 Typical constant-speed performance of spiral screw rotor compresso...Figure 17.154 Performance characteristics for a typical single-stage rotary heli...Figure 17.155 Typical test results of a medium-capacity spiral lobe compressor v...Figure 17.156 Cross-section of sliding-vane rotary compressor (used by permissio...Figure 17.157 Coupling drive end of Ro-Flo Sliding Vane compressor showing vanes...Figure 17.157A Performance curves for rotary-vane compressor (used by permission...Figure 17.158A Screw compressor in Howden process gas package (used by permissio...Figure 17.158B Rotary twin screw compressor (used by permission: Howden).Figure 17.158C Screw compressor (used by permission: Howden).Figure 17.158D Single screw rotor forces (source: Mark McCormick).Figure 17.158E Single screw compressor (source: Mark McCormick).Figure 17.159A General cutaway of integrally geared compressor (source: Wehrman,...Figure 17.159B General cutaway of integrally geared compressor (source: Wehrman,...Figure 17.159C Oxygen compressor, integrally geared design (source: Wehrman, Jos...Figure 17.159D Steam turbine driven integrally geared compressor with gearbox (s...Figure 17.159E Integrally geared compressor with pinion drive direct from steam ...Figure 17.160 Diaphragm gas compressor. Gas remains oil-free capable of handling...Figure 17.161 Motion of the displacing element causes the diaphragm to move into...Figure 17.162 Evolution of impeller performance (source: Renard, D.).Figure 17.163A Refrigeration compressor with multiple side streams (source: Rena...Figure 17.163B Typical compressor component upgrades.Figure 17.163C Typical steam turbine component upgrades (source: Renard, D.).Figure 17.164A Reciprocating compressor with ruptured water jacket (source: Roy ...Figure 17.164B Close-up of ruptured water jacket on compressor (source: Roy Sand...Figure 17.165 Compressor suction line arrangement [112].Figure 17.166 Correct suction volume bottle arrangement of a compressor [112].Figure 17.167 Existing suction piping of the compressor [112].
5 Glossary of Petroleum and Technical TerminologyFigure 1 (a) A plot of °API vs. specific gravity of hydrocarbons compounds. (b) ...Figure 2 ALARP determination process overview. DEP = Design Engineering...Figure 3 Distribution of fluid energy in a pipeline.Figure 4 The Bow-Tie – Analysis.Figure 5 A Bubble cap tray.Figure 6 A consequence.Figure 7 Moody diagram.Figure 8 Diagram of a fire triangle.Figure 9 (a)Flow patterns for horizontal two-phase flow (Based on data from 1, 2...Figure 10 Coal.Figure 11 Economic efficiency of fossil fuel usage.Figure 12 TBP and gravity – mid percent curves.Figure 13 A hazard.Figure 14 Diagram of a cylinder as found in 4-stroke gasoline engines.Figure 15Figure 16Figure 17Figure 18Figure 19 Orifice Meter with Vena contracta formation.Figure 20 Phase diagram (Phase Envelope).Figure 21 The plus-minus principle guides process design to reduce utility consu...Figure 22 Piping and instrumentation diagram.Figure 23 Lockhart-Martinelli two-phase multiplier.Figure 24 Relief valve Safety valve.Figure 25 Process flow diagram (Feed and fuel desulfurization section).Figure 26 This new process design work process implements process integration ef...Figure 27 Process integration starts with the synthesis of a process to convert ...Figure 28 General service centrifugal pump.Figure 29 General service duplex steam-driven piston pump.Figure 30 (a) Reid vapor test gauge (b) Vapor pressure vs. temperature (c) Reid ...Figure 31 A shell and tube heat exchanger showing the direction of flow of fluid...Figure 32 A sieve plate.Figure 33Figure 34 Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment.Figure 35 The Onion model (LOC = Loss of containment).Figure 36 A threat.Figure 37 Top event.Figure 38 A diaphragm valve.Figure 39 A gate valve.Figure 40 A globe valve away section of a globe valve.Figure 41 Plug valves Cutaway section of a plug valve.Figure 42 A Control valve.Figure 43 Relief valves.Figure 44 A valve tray.
6 Appendix DFigure D-1. Process Flow diagram (Feed & Fuel Desulfurization Section).Figure D-2. Typical process flow diagram for the production of Methyl Tertiary B...Figure D-3. Piping & Instrumentation diagram for Ammonia plant CO2 removal.Figure D-4. Piping & Instrumentation flow diagram (Ammonia synthesis and refrige...
