The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       chief of mission:

       Principal Officer Joseph SULLIVAN

       US Interests Section:

       USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana

       mailing address:

       use street address

       telephone:

       33–3351 or 33–3543

       FAX:

       no service available at this time

       note:

       protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland - US Interests Section, Swiss

       Embassy

       Flag:

       five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with

       white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a

       white five-pointed star in the center

      @Cuba, Economy

      Overview:

       Cuba's heavily statist economy remains in a severe depression as a

       result of the loss of massive amounts of economic aid from the former

       Soviet Bloc. In 1989–93, GDP declined by about 40% and import

       capability fell by about 80%. Reduced imports of fuel, spare parts,

       and chemicals combined with rainy weather to cut the production of

       sugar - the country's top export - from 7 million tons in 1992 to 4.3

       million tons in 1993, causing a loss of more than $400 million in

       export revenue. The government implemented several measures designed

       to stem the economic decline, e.g., legalizing the use of foreign

       currency by Cuban citizens in August 1993 in an attempt to increase

       remittances of foreign exchange from abroad. Authorities in September

       1993 began permitting self-employment in over 100 mostly service

       occupations. Also in September the government broke up many state

       farms into smaller, more autonomous cooperative units in an attempt to

       increase worker incentives and boost depressed food production levels.

       Fuel shortages persisted throughout 1993; draft animals and bicycles

       continued to replace motor-driven vehicles, and the use of electricity

       by households and factories was cut from already low levels. With the

       help of foreign investment, tourism has been one bright spot in the

       economy, with arrivals and earnings reaching record highs in 1993.

       Government officials have expressed guarded optimism for 1994, as the

       country struggles to achieve sustainable economic growth at a

       much-reduced standard of living.

       National product:

       GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $13.7 billion (1993 est.)

       National product real growth rate:

       −10% (1993 est.)

       National product per capita:

       $1,250 (1993 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       NA%

       Unemployment rate:

       NA%

       Budget:

       revenues:

       $12.46 billion

       expenditures:

       $14.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

       Exports:

       $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)

       commodities:

       sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee

       partners:

       Russia 28%, Canada 9%, China 5%, Ukraine 5%, Japan 4%, Spain 4% (1993

       est.)

       Imports:

       $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)

       commodities:

       petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals

       partners:

       Venezuela 20%, China 9%, Spain 9%, Mexico 7%, Italy 4%, Canada 7%,

       France 8% (1993 est.)

       External debt:

       $6.8 billion (convertible currency, July 1989)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate NA%

       Electricity:

       capacity:

       3,889,000 kW

       production:

       16.248 billion kWh

       consumption per capita:

       1,500 kWh (1992)

       Industries:

       sugar milling and refining, petroleum refining, food and tobacco

       processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals

       (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods,

       agricultural machinery

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry); key

       commercial crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other

       products - coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar

       exporter; not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar); sector hurt

       by growing shortages of fuels and parts

       Illicit drugs:

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