The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       [95] (1) 80409

       Flag:

       red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all

       in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a

       stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions

      @Burma, Economy

      Overview:

       Burma has a mixed economy with about 70% private activity, mainly in

       agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with about 30%

       state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and

       foreign trade. Government policy in the last five years, 1989–93, has

       aimed at revitalizing the economy after four decades of tight central

       planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign

       investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and

       efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises.

       Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated

       because of the volume of black market trade. A major ongoing problem

       is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Inflation has

       been running at 25% to 30% annually. Good weather helped boost GDP by

       perhaps 5% in 1993. Although Burma remains a poor Asian country, its

       rich resources furnish the potential for substantial long-term

       increases in income, exports, and living standards.

       National product:

       GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $41 billion (1993 est.)

       National product real growth rate:

       5% (1993 est.)

       National product per capita:

       $950 (1993 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       30% (1993 est.)

       Unemployment rate:

       NA%

       Budget:

       revenues:

       $8.1 billion

       expenditures:

       $11.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)

       Exports:

       $613.4 million (FY93)

       commodities:

       pulses and beans, teak, rice, hardwood

       partners:

       Singapore, China, Thailand, India, Hong Kong

       Imports:

       $1.02 billion (FY93)

       commodities:

       machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food products

       partners:

       Japan, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia

       External debt:

       $4 billion (1992)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate 4.9% (FY93 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP

       Electricity:

       capacity:

       1,100,000 kW

       production:

       2.8 billion kWh

       consumption per capita:

       65 kWh (1992)

       Industries:

       agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood

       products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron;

       construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 40% of GDP and 66% of employment (including fish and

       forestry); self-sufficient in food; principal crops - paddy rice,

       corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; world's largest stand of hardwood

       trees; rice and timber account for 55% of export revenues

       Illicit drugs:

       world's largest illicit producer of opium (2,575 metric tons in 1993)

       and minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; opium

       production has doubled since the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic

       programs

       Economic aid:

       recipient:

       US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $158 million; Western

       (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $3.9

       billion; Communist countries (1970–89), $424 million

       Currency:

       1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

       Exchange rates:

       kyats (K) per US$1 - 6.2301 (December 1993), 6.1570 (1993), 6.1045

       (1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990), 6.7049 (1989); unofficial - 105

       Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      @Burma, Communications

      Railroads:

       3,991 km total, all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113

       km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track

       Highways:

       total:

       27,000 km

       paved:

       bituminous 3,200 km

       unpaved:

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