The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ UNDOF, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL,

       WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

      _#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Friedrich HOESS; Embassy at 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 483–4474; there are Austrian Consulates General in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York;

      US—Ambassador Roy Michael HUFFINGTON; Embassy at Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna (mailing address is APO New York 09108–0001); telephone [43] (222) 31–55-11; there is a US Consulate General in Salzburg

      _#_Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

      _*Economy #_Overview: Austria boasts a prosperous and stable capitalist economy with a sizable proportion of nationalized industry and extensive welfare benefits. Thanks to an excellent raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and strong links to West German industrial firms, Austria has successfully occupied specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism, banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with only 8% of the labor force in agriculture. Improved export prospects from German unification and the opening of Eastern Europe will also boost the economy during the next few years. Living standards are roughly comparable with the large industrial countries of Western Europe. Problems for the l990s include an aging population, the high level of subsidies, and the struggle to keep welfare benefits within budget capabilities. Austria, which has applied for EC membership, is currently involved in EC and European Free Trade Association negotiations for a European Economic Area and will have to adapt its economy to achieve freer movement of goods, services, capital, and labor with the EC.

      _#_GDP: $111.0 billion, per capita $14,500; real growth rate 4.5% (1990)

      _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.3% (1990)

      _#_Unemployment: 5.4% (1990)

      _#_Budget: revenues $44.1 billion; expenditures $49.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990)

      _#_Exports: $40.9 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

      commodities—machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals;

      partners—EC 64.8%, EFTA 10.3%, CEMA 7.7%, US 3.2%, Japan 1.5%

      _#_Imports: $46.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

      commodities—petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals;

      partners—EC 68.4%, EFTA 7%, CEMA 5.7%, Japan 4.6%, US 3.6%

      _#_External debt: $11.8 billion (1990 est.)

      _#_Industrial production: real growth rate 8.5% (1990); accounts for 34% of GDP

      _#_Electricity: 17,562,000 kW capacity; 49,290 million kWh produced, 6,500 kWh per capita (1989)

      _#_Industries: foods, iron and steel, machines, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism, mining

      _#_Agriculture: accounts for 3.2% of GDP (including forestry); principal crops and animals—grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets, sawn wood, cattle, pigs poultry; 80–90% self-sufficient in food

      _#_Economic aid: donor—ODA and OOF commitments (1970–89), $2.4 billion

      _#_Currency: Austrian schilling (plural—schillings); 1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen

      _#_Exchange rates: Austrian schillings (S) per US$1—10.627 (January 1991), 11.370 (1990), 13.231 (1989), 12.348 (1988), 12.643 (1987), 15.267 (1986), 20.690 (1985)

      _#_Fiscal year: calendar year

      _*Communications #_Railroads: 6,028 km total; 5,388 km government owned and 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gauge); 5,403 km 1.435-meter standard gauge of which 3,051 km is electrified and 1,520 km is double tracked; 363 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge of which 91 km is electrified

      _#_Highways: 95,412 km total; 34,612 are the primary network (including 1,012 km of autobahn, 10,400 km of federal, and 23,200 km of provincial roads); of this number, 21,812 km are paved and 12,800 km are unpaved; in addition, there are 60,800 km of communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth)

      _#_Inland waterways: 446 km

      _#_Ports: Vienna, Linz (river ports)

      _#_Merchant marine: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 150,735 GRT/252,237 DWT; includes 26 cargo, 1 container, 1 chemical tanker, 4 bulk

      _#_Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products

      _#_Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft

      _#_Airports: 55 total, 54 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      _#_Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; 4,014,000 telephones; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems; stations—6 AM, 21 (545 repeaters) FM, 47 (870 repeaters) TV; satellite stations operating in INTELSAT 1 Atlantic Ocean earth station and 1 Indian Ocean earth station and EUTELSAT systems

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Flying Division, Gendarmerie

      _#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 1,957,414; 1,646,179 fit for military service; 48,038 reach military age (19) annually

      _#Defense expenditures: $1.4 billion, 1% of GDP (1990) % @The Bahamas *Geography #_Total area: 13,940 km2; land area: 10,070 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Connecticut

      _#_Land boundaries: none

      _#_Coastline: 3,542 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

      Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 3 nm

      _#_Climate: tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

      _#_Terrain: long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

      _#_Natural resources: salt, aragonite, timber

      _#_Land use: arable land 1%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures NEGL%; forest and woodland 32%; other 67%

      _#_Environment: subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause extensive flood damage

      _#_Note: strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain

      _*People #_Population: 252,110 (July 1991), growth rate 1.4% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 19 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 18 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life СКАЧАТЬ