The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ by sector This entry gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP.

      GDP - per capita This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.

      GDP - real growth rate This entry gives GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent.

      Geographic coordinates This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.

      Geographic names This information is presented in Appendix F: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names. It includes a listing of various alternate names, former names, local names, and regional names referenced to one or more related Factbook entries. Spellings are normally, but not always, those approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names and additional information are included in parentheses.

      Geography This category includes the entries dealing with the natural environment and the effects of human activity.

      Geography - note This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of significance not included elsewhere.

      GNP Gross national product (GNP) is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, plus income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production. The Factbook, following current practice, uses GDP rather than GNP to measure national production. However, the user must realize that in certain countries net remittances from citizens working abroad may be important to national well-being.

      Government This category includes the entries dealing with the system for the adoption and administration of public policy.

      Government type This entry gives the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).

      Government - note This entry includes miscellaneous government information of significance not included elsewhere.

      Gross domestic product see GDP

      Gross national product see GNP

      Gross world product see GWP

      GWP This entry gives the gross world product (GWP) or aggregate value of all final goods and services produced worldwide in a given year.

      Heliports This entry gives the total number of established helicopter takeoff and landing sites (which may or may not have fuel or other services).

      Highways This entry includes the total length of the highway system as well as the length of the paved and unpaved components.

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate This entry gives an estimate of the percentage of adults (aged 15–49) living with HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend.

      HIV/AIDS - deaths This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year.

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS.

      Household income or consumption by percentage share Data on household income or consumption come from household surveys, the results adjusted for household size. Nations use different standards and procedures in collecting and adjusting the data. Surveys based on income will normally show a more unequal distribution than surveys based on consumption. The quality of surveys is improving with time, yet caution is still necessary in making inter-country comparisons.

      Hydrographic data codes see Data codes

      Illicit drugs This entry gives information on the five categories of illicit drugs - narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside of medical channels.

      Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol), hashish (hash), and hashish oil (hash oil).

      Coca (mostly Erythroxylum coca) is a bush with leaves that contain the stimulant used to make cocaine. Coca is not to be confused with cocoa, which comes from cacao seeds and is used in making chocolate, cocoa, and cocoa butter.

      Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush.

      Depressants (sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid).

      Drugs are any chemical substances that effect a physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral change in an individual.

      Drug abuse is the use of any licit or illicit chemical substance that results in physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral impairment in an individual.

      Hallucinogens are drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self- awareness, and emotion. Hallucinogens include LSD (acid, microdot), mescaline and peyote (mexc, buttons, cactus), amphetamine variants (PMA, STP, DOB), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, hog), phencyclidine analogues (PCE, PCPy, TCP), and others (psilocybin, psilocyn).

      Hashish is the resinous exudate of the cannabis or hemp plant

       (Cannabis sativa).

      Heroin is a semisynthetic derivative of morphine.

      Mandrax is a trade name for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical

       depressant.

      Marijuana is the dried leaf of the cannabis or hemp plant

       (Cannabis sativa).

      Methaqualone is a pharmaceutical depressant, referred to as

       mandrax in Southwest Asia and Africa.

      Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain, often induce sleep, and refer to opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes. Natural narcotics include opium (paregoric, parepectolin), morphine (MS-Contin, Roxanol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine, Empirin with codeine, Robitussan AC), and thebaine. Semisynthetic narcotics include heroin (horse, smack), and hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Synthetic narcotics include meperidine or Pethidine (Demerol, Mepergan), methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), and others (Darvon, Lomotil).

      Opium is the brown, gummy exudate of the incised, unripe seedpod

       of the opium poppy.

      Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the source for the natural and

       semisynthetic narcotics.

      Poppy straw concentrate is the alkaloid derived from the mature,

       dried opium poppy.

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