The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Area:

      total: 83,870 sq km land: 82,444 sq km water: 1,426 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

      total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km

      Coastline:

      0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

      none (landlocked)

      Climate:

      temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

      Terrain:

      in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

      Natural resources:

      oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 16.59% permanent crops: 0.85% other: 82.56% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      40 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      84 cu km (2005)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 3.67 cu km/yr (35%/64%/1%) per capita: 448 cu m/yr (1999)

      Natural hazards:

      landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

      some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

       Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

      People

       Austria

      Population:

      8,205,533 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 14.8% (male 621,326/female 592,131) 15–64 years: 67.5% (male 2,783,531/female 2,753,389) 65 years and over: 17.7% (male 599,415/female 855,741) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 41.7 years male: 40.7 years female: 42.8 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.064% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      8.66 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      9.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      1.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 4.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 79.36 years male: 76.46 years female: 82.41 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.38 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.3% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      10,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 100 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian

      Ethnic groups:

      Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)

      Religions:

      Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)

      Languages:

      German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)

      Literacy:

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