The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ - note:

       defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts

       fisheries patrols

      Transnational Issues Heard Island and McDonald Islands

      Disputes - international: none

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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      @Holy See (Vatican City)

      Introduction Holy See (Vatican City)

      Background:

       Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula

       for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many

       of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of

       Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when

       Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner"

       popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties,

       which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted

       Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat

       between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier

       treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the

       Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include

       religious freedom, international development, the Middle East,

       terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious

       dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine

       in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people

       worldwide profess the Catholic faith.

      Geography Holy See (Vatican City)

      Location:

       Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)

      Geographic coordinates:

       41 54 N, 12 27 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 0.44 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

       land: 0.44 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry

       summers (May to September)

      Terrain:

       low hill

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: unnamed location 19 m

       highest point: unnamed location 75 m

      Natural resources:

       none

      Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       0 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       NA

      Environment - current issues:

       NA

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: none of the selected agreements

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification

      Geography - note:

       urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state;

       outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo

       (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights

      People Holy See (Vatican City)

      Population:

       921 (July 2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       0.01% (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       NA

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       NA

      Nationality:

       noun: none

       adjective: none

      Ethnic groups:

       Italians, Swiss, other

      Religions:

       Roman Catholic

      Languages:

       Italian, Latin, French, various other languages

      Literacy: definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA

      Government Holy See (Vatican City)

      Country name:

       conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)

       conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)

       local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

       local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)

      Government type:

       ecclesiastical

      Capital:

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